This plan integrates the following: Hazard Mitigation Plan Update (FEMA) Community Wildfire Protection Plan (DNCR) November 5, 2020 Final Prepared for the Town of Greenfield and NH Homeland Security & Emergency Management By The Greenfield Planning Team With assistance from Mapping and Planning Solutions Greenfield Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2020 “Plans are worthless, but planning is everything. There is a very great distinction because when you are planning for an emergency you must start with this one thing: The very definition of "emergency" is that it is unexpected, therefore it is not going to happen the way you are planning.” -Dwight D. Eisenhower HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN DEFINITIONS ”A natural hazard is a source of harm or difficulty created by a meteorological, environmental, or geological event.” “Hazard mitigation is any sustained action taken to reduce or eliminate the long-term risk to human life and property from hazards (44CFR 201.2). Hazard mitigation activities may be implemented prior to, during, or after an event. However, it has been demonstrated that hazard mitigation is most effective when based on an inclusive, comprehensive, long-term plan that is developed before a disaster occurs.” (Source: Local Mitigation Plan Review Guide, FEMA, October 1, 2011) Plan Prepared and Authored By June E. Garneau, Owner/Planner Mapping and Planning Solutions 105 Union Street, Suite 1 Whitefield, NH 03598 [email protected] Cover Photo: Greenfield Covered Bridge Photo Credit: Town of Greenfield; https://www.greenfield-nh.gov/about-greenfield/slideshows/images-around-town Page 2 Greenfield Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2020 Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................................................................... 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER 1: HAZARD MITIGATION PLANNING PROCESS ........................................................................................................ 9 A. AUTHORITY & FUNDING ............................................................................................................................................................... 9 B. PURPOSE & HISTORY OF THE FEMA MITIGATION PLANNING PROCESS .................................................................................................. 9 C. JURISDICTION............................................................................................................................................................................ 10 D. SCOPE OF THE PLAN & FEDERAL & STATE PARTICIPATION ................................................................................................................. 10 E. PUBLIC & STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT ......................................................................................................................................... 11 F. INCORPORATION OF EXISTING PLANS, STUDIES, REPORTS AND TECHNICAL INFORMATION .......................................................................... 13 G. HAZARD MITIGATION GOALS ...................................................................................................................................................... 14 H. HAZARD MITIGATION PLANNING PROCESS & METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................... 16 I. HAZARD MITIGATION BUILDING BLOCKS & TABLES ........................................................................................................................... 17 J. NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION OF THE PROCESS ...................................................................................................................................... 18 CHAPTER 2: COMMUNITY PROFILE ...................................................................................................................................... 27 A. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................................................... 27 B. EMERGENCY SERVICES ................................................................................................................................................................ 28 C. GREENFIELD’S CURRENT & FUTURE DEVELOPMENT TRENDS .............................................................................................................. 29 Table 2.1: Town Statistics .......................................................................................................................................................................... 30 CHAPTER 3: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK ASSESSMENT & PROBABILITY .......................................................................... 35 A. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION ............................................................................................................................................................ 35 B. RISK ASSESSMENT ..................................................................................................................................................................... 35 C. PROBABILITY............................................................................................................................................................................. 36 Table 3.1: Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment (HIRA) ....................................................................................................................... 37 D. NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAM (NFIP) STATUS ................................................................................................................. 38 Table 3.2: Historic Hazard Identification ................................................................................................................................................... 40 CHAPTER 4: CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE & KEY RESOURCES (CIKR) ...................................................................................... 53 Table 4.1 - Emergency Response Facilities (ERF) & Evacuation ................................................................................................................. 53 Table 4.2 – Non-Emergency Response Facilities (NERF) ............................................................................................................................ 54 Table 4.3 – Facilities & Populations to Protect (FPP) ................................................................................................................................. 55 Table 4.4 – Potential Resources (PR) ......................................................................................................................................................... 56 CHAPTER 5: HAZARD EFFECTS IN GREENFIELD ...................................................................................................................... 57 A. IDENTIFYING VULNERABLE CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE & KEY RESOURCES (CIKR) .................................................................................. 57 B. CALCULATING THE POTENTIAL LOSS .............................................................................................................................................. 59 C. NATURAL HAZARDS ................................................................................................................................................................... 59 D. TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARDS.......................................................................................................................................................... 70 E. HUMAN-CAUSED HAZARDS ......................................................................................................................................................... 75 Page 3 Greenfield Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2020 CHAPTER 6: CURRENT POLICIES, PLANS & MUTUAL AID....................................................................................................... 77 A. ANALYSIS OF EFFECTIVENESS OF CURRENT PROGRAMS ..................................................................................................................... 77 Table 6.1: Current Policies, Plans & Mutual Aid ......................................................................................................................................... 77 CHAPTER 7: LAST MITIGATION PLAN .................................................................................................................................... 87 A. DATE OF LAST PLAN ................................................................................................................................................................... 87 Table 7.1: Accomplishments since the Last Plan ....................................................................................................................................... 87 CHAPTER 8: NEW MITIGATION STRATEGIES & STAPLEE ....................................................................................................... 93 A. MITIGATION STRATEGIES BY TYPE ................................................................................................................................................. 93 B. POTENTIAL MITIGATION STRATEGIES BY HAZARD ............................................................................................................................