PERSOONIA Published by the Rijksherbarium, Leiden Volume Part i, i, pp. 115-147 (1959) The stipitate Hydnums of the Netherlands—IV. S. F. Hericium Pers. S. F. Auriscalpium Gray, ex Gray, Hydnum L. ex Fr., and Sistotrema Fr. em. Donk R.A. Maas+Geesteranus Rijksherbarium, Leiden A revision is of the and given genera Auriscalpium, Hericium, Hydnum, Sistotrema. described Hydnum heimii is as a new species. AURISCALPIUM S. F. Gray S. F. Nat. Brit. PI. P. Karst. Auriscalpium Gray, Arrang. i: 650. 1821; in Medd. Soc. F. Fl. fenn. — S. F. Donk 5: 41. 1879. Type species: Auriscalpium vulgare Gray, see (1956: 71). Pleurodon P. Karst, in Rev. 1881 in Acta Soc. F. Fl. fenn. mycol. 3 (No. 9): 20. Jan. 1, ; 1881 & in Medd. Fl. fenn. 6: 16. 1881 — 2 (1): 34. Soc. F. ("Qjiél."). Hydnum subgen. Pleurodon (P. Karst.) Forquignon, Champ. Sup. 96. 1886 [1888] ("Q."). — Hydnum [sect.] in 1888 — Pleurodon (P. Karst.) J. Schroet. Cohn, Krypt.-Fl. Schles. 3 (1): 456. ("Quelet"). Type species: Hydnum auriscalpium L. ex Fr., see Donk (1956: 108). Carpophore stipitate, coriaceous. Pileus hairy, cuticulate. Stipe hairy, cuticulate, to springing from swollen subiculum, attached the pileus subapically from a notch the side of the latter. on Context azonate, homogeneous, covered by very firm cuticle. Hymenium covering spines onunderside ofpileus. Spines greyish at maturity. Basidia tetrasporous. Spores subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, minutely spinulose at white in with connections. maturity, mass, amyloid. Hyphae clamp The character of the first Rom amyloid spores was pointed out by agnesi (!953 : "')■ AURISCALPIUM VULGARE S. F. Gray PI. Hydnum auriscalpium L., Spec. 2: 1178. 1753; ex Fr., Syst. mycol. 1: 406. 1821; Epicr. Fl. cochin. — Syst. mycol. 511. 1838; not Hydnum auriscalpium Lour., 1: 693. 1790. Scutiger Traité Atl. — auriscalpium (L.) Paul., Champ., pl. 33 fig. 4. 1812-1835 “aurisealpium”). Auri- PL scalpium vulgare S.F.Gray, Nat. Arrang. Brit. 1: 650. 1821; P. Karst. in Medd. Soc. F. Fl. fenn. — Pleurodon P. Karst. in Rev. 5:41. 1879 (name change). auriscalpium (L. ex Fr.) mycol. 3 in Acta Soc. F. Fl. fenn. 1881 & in Medd. Soc. F. Fl. (No. g): 20. Jan. 1, 1881; 2 (1): 34. 6: 16. 1881 — Ench. fenn. ("Quel."). Leptodon auriscalpium (L. ex Fr.) Quel., Fung. 192. 1886. — CI. — Auriscalpium auriscalpium (L. ex Fr.) Banker in Mem. Torrey bot. 12: 178. 1906. not known to be in existence. — adhuc ". Type: Type locality: Lapland, . copiosus per Westrobothniam" (Linn., Fl. lappon. 368. 1737). bicolor — Hydnum auriscalpium var. ßß. Alb. & Schw., Consp. Fung. 267. 1805. Type locality: Germany, Oberlausitz. Obs. — Sweden. Hydnum auriscalpium var. bicolor Fr., mycol. 1: 146. 1815. Type locality: Hydnum atro-tomentosum Schwalb, Buch d. Pilze 171. 1891. — Type: not known to be in existence. — Type locality: Austria? 115 Persoonia Vol. i, Part 1959 116 i, Ceské Pilât in bot. Hydnumfechtneri Vel., Houby 4-5: 746. 1922 (Latin description by Op. Bull, — Pleurodon in F. 86. in cech. 6: 273. 1948). fechtneri (Vel.) Cejp Fl. cechoslov. 2: 1928; Acad. Sci. Boheme — internat. 31: 308. 1930. Type: not seen (PRC). F. Fl. cechoslov. 2: 86. in Bull, internat. Acad. Pleurodonauriscalpium var. rufus Cejp in 1928; Sci. Boheme — Nov. 31: 308. 1930 (“rufum”). Hydnum auriscalpium var. rufum (Cejp) Vel., — Bohemia distr. Mnichovice mycol, nov. 88. 1947. Syntypes: centr., Ricany, apud pag. in VIII VII pineto "Zâdusi" dicto, 1915 (not 1925 as mentioned by Cejp), leg. J. Velenovsky mentioned (PRC); Bohemia centr., distr. Beroun, in silva apud arcem Karlstejn (Karluv Tyn is the X K. Bohemia distr. in silva by Cejp same), 1925, leg. Cejp (PRC); occid., Rokycany, dicta 18 VIII K. "Borecek" apud opp. Rokycany, 1927, leg. Cejp (PRC). Pleurodon auri- DESCRIPTIONS.—Bourdot & Galzin, Hym. France 439. 1928 ( Donk in Med. Nederl. scalpium); Coker & Beers, Stip. Hydn. east. U.S. 11. 195 1; 18-20; mycol. Ver. 191. 1931. ILLUSTRATIONS.—(Except where mentioned otherwise, all given as Hydnum Icon, auriscalpium.) Bolton, Hist. Fung. Halifax 2: pi. 90. 1788 (good); Bresadola, mycol. 22: pi. 1059. 1932 (passable); Bulliard, Herb. France pi. 481 fig. 3. 179° Coker U.S. Auris- (very good); & Beers, Stip. Hydn. east. pi. 10 upper fig. 195 1 ( calpium vulgare; photogr.); Farlow, Icon, farlow. pi. 96. 1929 (several centrally Pilze stiped; good); Gillet, Champ. France pi. 314. 1878-1890 (good); Gramberg, 2: 28 lower Scot, Fl. 4: Heimat pi. fig. 1913 (fairly good); Greville, cryptog. pi. 196. 1826 (fairly good); Harvey in Trans. Brit, mycol. Soc. 41: pi. 18. 1958 (photogr.); Kawamura, Icon. Jap. Fungi 6: fig. 605. date? (good); Krombholz, Naturgetr. Schw. Abb. Beschr. essb. 7: pi. 50 fig. 15-17. 1841 (passable); Maublanc, Champ. 2: Meneault France, Quatr. ed., pi. 196 fig. 2. 1952 (Auriscalpium vulgare; good); apud Piane in Bull. Soc. Nat. Oyonnax 6: 89. 1952 ( Auriscalpium vulgare; excellent); Pabst, Cryptog.-Fl. 2: pi. 22. 1875 (passable); Patouillard, Tab. anal. Fung. 2: Atl. France fig. 146. 1883 (passable); Rolland, Champ. pi. 99 fig. 219. 1910 (passable); Schaeffer, Fung. Icon. 2: pi. 143. 1763 (fairly good); Sowerby, Col. Fig. Engl. Fungi 3: pi. 267. 1803 (very good); Thijsse, Paddestoelen pi. 63. 1929 Ceske 4-5: (fairly good); Velenovsky, Houby pi. 129 fig. 10. 1922 ( Hydnum fechtneri; fairly good); Wakefield & Dennis, Common Brit. Fungi pi. 103 fig. 6. 1950 (passable). — several DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS. Carpophores solitary, occasionally also springing from common base. Pileus supported by stipe at a notch on the side, rarely centrally stiped, reniform, plano-convex, even or with shallow concentrical depression, not zonate, villose with few bristle-like hairs to entirely hirsute, with brown when dark rufous glabrescent age, pale yellowish very young, becoming Brown, finally blackened. Stipe slender, hirsute, dark brown, downwards passing into much brown subiculum with matted dirt-encrusted swollen, paler tomentose, or surface, not infrequently also branching off from previous season's stipe. Spines not flesh brownish without decurrent, pale when immature, finally ashy grey with or violaceous tinge. Context in both pileus and stipe thin, homogeneous, not zonate, whitish, forming a very firm, cartilagineous, black-brown cuticle on the surface under the hairs. Odour none. Taste not noted. Maas Geesteranus: —lV Stipitate Hydnums 117 HABITAT.—On fallen, often buried, cones of Pinus. DISTRIBUTION.—Known from pine woods all over the country, common. — and: ILLUSTRATIVE COLLECTION. Geld erl Delden, Twickel, 22 XI I9<I3, M. G. J. Meyer (L). AUTHENTIC MATERIAL.— Hydnum fechtneri Vel.: Bohemia centr., distr. Kladno X F. det. (apud opp. Slany) prope opp. Kladno, 1919, leg. Fechtner, Velenovsky (PRC). under EXSICCATI.—(All given the name of Hydnum auriscalpium.) Cavara, Funghi Ellis & Longobard. exs. 106 (L); Desmazieres, Cryptog. France, ser. 1, 954 (K); North Amer. second Fl. Everhart, Fungi, ser., 25 11 (K, L); exs. austro-hung. 763 (C, K, L); Fl. hung. exs. 10 (C, K, L); Fuckel, Fungi rhen. 1343 (K); Holl, fenn. Schmidt & Kunze, Deutschl. Schw. 45 (K); Karsten, Fungi exs. 245 (K); Klotzsch, Herb. viv. mycol. 126 (L); Lundell & Nannfeldt, Fungi exs. suec. praes. upsal. 159 (C); Mougeot & Nestler, Stirp. cryptog. vogeso-rhen. 777 (K, L); 828 Rabenhorst, Fungi europ. 17 (K, L); Saccardo, Mycoth. ven. (K); Sydow, march. univ. 1106 Mycoth. 313 (K); von Thiimen, Mycoth. (K, L). The shows The fact that the is sometimes present species some variation. stipe attached to the centre of the pileus has attracted the attention. The plate by Farlow and based is a good example, Hydnum fechtneri was on a centrally stiped specimen. Also with its A. is variable regard to colour, vulgare a species. Very young specimens may be found to be no darker than pale yellowish, very old ones are nearly black. This pale colour ("pallide luteum") which Villars (Hist. PI. Dauph. 3: described for his of 1043. 1789) specimen Hydnum auriscalpium, apparently puzzled 1: Fries (Syst. mycol. 408. 1821), but in my opinion it only characterizes the young fruit Later Fries described body. on, (Hym. europ. 607. 1874) a Hydnum luteolum, basing this species partly on Villars's description, partly on a yellow specimen he had once found himself "Ad ramos exsiccatos Padi.” Since Fries emphatically stated the be and pileus to glabrous, also since the substratum seems very improbable for Auriscalpium vulgare, it is obvious that he described a different species. Afterwards it was transferred by Quelet (Ench. Fung. 191. 1886) to Leptodon (L. “luteolum”) and by Bourdot & Galzin (Hym. France 439. 1928) to Pleurodon (P. “luteolum”), but in both it left with in the Both cases was Hydnum auriscalpium same genus. species were ultimately separated by Bourdot (in Bull. Soc. mycol. France 48: 220. 1932) who made the recombination Mycoleptodon luteolus (Fr.) Bourd. (“luteolum”). Hydnum auriscalpium var. bicolor is a variety which Fries referred to Albertini & Schweinitz. However, what he described is totally different from the thing the German authors had found. Since Fries stated to have found specimens himself, Sweden is chosen as the type locality of var. bicolor Fr. Pleurodon auriscalpium var. rufus described by Cejp has a handsome reddish brown colour, but does not require a varietal status. Persoonia Vol. Part 118 i, i, 1959 HERICIUM Pers. ex S. F. Gray Martela Fam. PI. — Martella Adans. Rev. Gen. PL Adans., 2: 5. 1763. ex O.K., 3 (2): 492. not Martella Gen. PI. — ordo VI No. 1898; EndL, 36. 1836. Type species: Agaricum sp. 1 Nova PL Gen. = Donk Micheli, 122, pi. 64 fig. 1 1729 Hericium hystrix Pers., see (1956: 102). trib. — Hydnum Pleuropus Fr., Syst. mycol. 1: 407. 1821. Type species: Hydnum erinaceus Bull, ex Fr. (selected). trib. Merisma 1821. — Hydnum Fr., Syst. mycol. 1: 408. Hydnum sect. Merisma (Fr.) Sacc. in Fl. ital. — cryptog. 1 (fasc. 15): 1077, 1096. 1916. Hydnum sect. Apus [subsect.] Merisma in Nat. (Fr.) Killerm. Pflfam., Zweite AufL, 6: 163.