INTRODUCTION TO CopyrightedPROTEINS STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, AND MOTION SECOND EDITION Materials - Taylor and Francis CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC Mathematical and Computational Biology Series Aims and scope: This series aims to capture new developments and summarize what is known over the entire spectrum of mathematical and computational biology and medicine. It seeks to encourage the integration of mathematical, statistical, and computational methods into biology by publishing a broad range of textbooks, reference works, and handbooks. The titles included in the series are meant to appeal to students, researchers, and professionals in the mathematical, statistical and computational sciences, fundamental biology and bioengineering, as well as interdisciplinary researchers involved in the field.Copyrighted The inclusion of concrete examples and applications, and programming techniques and examples, is highly encouraged. Series Editors N. F. 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Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Contents List of Figures xxi List of Tables xxxi List of BoxesCopyrighted xxxiii Preface xxxv Changes in Second Edition xli Acknowledgments xliii Authors xlv Physical Quantities and Constants xlvii List of Acronyms Materials xlix Chapter 1 ■ Introduction 1 1.1 IMPORTANCE OF PROTEINS IN LIVING ORGANISMS 1 1.1.1 Life, proteins and mysterious forces - 1 1.1.2 Molecular organization of living organismsTaylor 2 1.1.3 Proteins have numerous biological roles 6 1.1.3.1 Catalysis of metabolic processes 6 1.1.3.2 Energy transfer and 8 1.1.3.3 Gene expression 11 1.1.3.4 Transport of solutes across biological membranes Francis13 1.1.3.5 Cellular communication 13 1.1.3.6 Molecular recognition 16 1.1.3.7 Defense 17 1.1.3.8 Forming intracellular and extracellular