NASA SP-185 GPO PRICE s CSFTI PRICE(S) $ Hard copy (HC) *$@ Microfiche (MF) / 63- ff 653 July 65 A STUDY OF NASA UNIVERSITY PROGRAMS . -* 8 (ACCESSION NUMBJ)-35564 (THRU) 3 9 =!E 3 (NASA CR OR TMX OR AD NUMBER) (CATEGORY) NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION , . A STUDY OF NASA UNIVERSITY PROGRAMS Prepared by Task Force to Assess NASA University Programs 7 echnologji Utilization Dii isioiz OFFICE OF TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION 1968 NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION Washington, D.C FOREWORD This paper has been prepared as a summary report to Mr. Francis B. Smith, Assistant Administrator for University Affairs, by the Task Force to Assess NASA University Programs. It is based on the analysis of information gathered throughout NASA and the university community covering many different grants, contracts, disciplines, programs, and projects wherein NASA and universities have interacted. Obviously, the information collected about so complex a rela- tionship can never be complete, but the Task Force has sought to make it repre- sentative. It is believed to ty-pif'y NASA university programs with reasonable accuracy. The Task Force wishes to acknowledge the contributions of time, thought, and effort to this study by many people both within and outside the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. It particularly wishes to thank the administrators, faculty, and students of the universities which generously hosted its representatives during their campus visits. The Task Force members are listed below: Homer G. Morgan, Chairman Langley Research Center Patrick T. Chiarito Lewis Research Center James T. Dennison Electronics Research Center C. J. Huang, Consultant University of Houston Robert Jastrow Goddard Institute for Space Studies Norman Kaplan, Consultant George Washington University Marion I. Kent Marshall Space Flight Center William A. LaRue Office of Manned Space Flight James E. Mahoney, Consultant George Washington University E. Gene Marr Office of Universiky Affairs Ralph R. Nash Office of Advanced Research and Technology Erwin R. Schmerling Office of Space Science and Applications Richard E. Stephens Office of University Affairs Ray H. Sutton Ames Research Center Frederick B. Tuttle Office of Public Affairs James L. Youngblood Manned Spacecraft Center iii CONTENTS PRECIS .................................. 1 Impact on NASA. Universities. and the Nation ........ 1 General ........................ 1 Project research .................... 3 Sustaining University Program ............. 4 Personnel development programs ..........' ... 6 Alternatives for Future Consideration ............ 7 INTRODUCTION ............................... 9 CHAPTER I. SCOPE OF NASA UNIVEXSITY PROGRAMS . ll Relation to Total Federal University Support ........ 11 Total University Community Involvement ........... 12 Individual Programs ..................... 15 Project research program ................ 15 Sustaining University Program ............. 15 Personnel programs ................... 15 CHAPTER 11 . APPROACH TO THE STUDY .................... 17 Compilation of Available Data ................ 17 Management Interviews .................... 17 University Visits ...................... 18 Case Studies ........................ 18 Limitations ......................... 18 CHAPTER I11 . PROJECT RESEARCH PROGRAMS 20 Goals ............................ 20 Research Grants and Contracts ................ 20 Perceptions of university programs ........... 20 Indicators of returns from research .......... 21 Space power and electric propulsion research ...... 23 Fluid dynamics research ................ 25 Research in astronomy ................. 27 R . & D . management and socioeconomic research ..... 29 Individual research grants and contracts ........ 33 Amultidisciplinary research grant ........... 34 Flight Experiments ..................... 35 University participation ................ 35 The OGO program .................... 37 The competitive factor ................. 42 Impact on curricula .................. 42 Involvement of students ................ 43 university Explorers .................. 43 Unresolved problems .................. 44 University Research Centers, Institutes, and Laboratories . 44 CHAPTER IV. SUSTAINING UNIVERSITY PROGRAM ................ 47 Goals............................ 47 Perceptions of the Sustaining University Program ...... 48 Predoctoral Traineeship Program ............... 48 Results of the program ................. 49 University attitudes .................. 51 Effect on universities ................. 52 Sustaining University Research Program ........... 52 Joint SUP-project grants ................ 53 New capability ..................... 53 Multidisciplinary research ............... 54 Administration of research ............... 55 Isolation of investigators ............... 55 The Facilities Grant Program ................ 55 Nature of the grants .................. 57 Achievements of the progran .............. 57 The Memorandums of Understanding ............ 58 Potential for achieving long-range goals ........ 59 CHAPTER V. PERSONNEL DEVELOF'MENT PROGRAMS ............... 61 Employee Graduate Training ................. 61 Effect on NASA ..................... 62 Effect on universities ................. 62 Effect on the community ................ 63 Short Courses and Seminars ................. 63 Cooperative Work-Study Program ............... 64 NASA-ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program ......... 65 Case study at North Carolina State University ..... 66 Case study at Louisiana State University ........ 68 NASA-NRC Resident Research Associateship Program ...... 69 CHAPTER VI. FURTHER ISSUES OF NASA UNIVERSITY PROGRAMS * . 72 Balance Within Universities ................. 72 Values of Support by a Mission-Oriented Agency ....... 73 Postdoctoral Research .................... 73 Federal Contract Research Centers .............. 74 Organizational Structure .................. 74 Evolution in Organization for Education and Research .... 75 BIBLIOGRAPHY.. ............................. 77 vi PRECIS This study examines the results of the total NASA university program. It is an assessment of the program based on goals publicly expressed by NASA managers as recorded in the literature and correspondence with universities. Foremost among the goals has been the intent of NASA to accomplish its aero- nautics and space mission while'at the same time strengthening the universities involved; NASA-sponsored research was to be conducted in the traditional atmos- phere of instruction and learning in order to maximize the indirect returns from the mission-oriented programs. The study was approached through selected sampling of NASA-university interactions by interviews, university visits, and in-depth case studies. The significant limitations of the study are those imposed by the lack of sufficient time to collect and analyze data on such a huge and diverse program. However, the Task Force believes this report to be indicative of the total NASA university program. Impact on NASA, Universities, and the Nation The returns from all NASA university programs fall into the categories of new knowledge, trained people, or new capability for research, education, and service. The major impact of these returns is upon the participants. However, since NASA and universities are both parts of the Nation, anything that affects them also affects the Nation. The results of programs that affect the Nation outside the immediate areas of the participants generally are too obscure to be identifiable. Therefore, the emphasis of this study is on the new knowledge, trained people, and new capability that have impacted NASA and universities and, through them, the Nation. General.- NASA's university programs have made major contributions to the aeronautics and space program. Research sponsored by university programs has generated new concepts, has developed new technology, and has created unique facilities for f'urther education and research. Over 50 percent of all experi- ments flown on NASA satellites have been generated by university programs. Universities have awarded at least 500 graduate degrees and provided continuing education opportunities to thousands through NASA employee graduate training programs. Even management of the aerospace program has been influenced, since university consultants have given policy, scientific, and engineering advice to NASA at all levels. These contributions demonstrate that NASA university programs have been successf'ul in their first and most important objective - obtaining the expertise of the university community to help meet the aeronautics and space goals of NASA and the Nation. NASA university programs have had a significant impact on the university community. About 250 universities have been responsive to opportunities to become involved in the aeronautics and space program made available by NASA. 1 They have welcomed NASA support and have used it to strengthen and build research and education capability. Centers of excellence exist that were created with NASA support. Entire departments and graduate degree programs have grown out of NASA involvement, many new courses have been developed, and countless science and engineering courses have had their content altered by NASA programs. The national capability for education and research has been both broadened and strengthened. In general, universities have not taken advantage of the opportunities offered by NASA to innovate in research management, multidisciplinary research, and