Ann. Bot. Fennici 54: 159–167 ISSN 0003-3847 (print) ISSN 1797-2442 (online) Helsinki 18 April 2017 © Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board 2017 Caudicicola gracilis (Polyporales, Basidiomycota), a new polypore species and genus from Finland Heikki Kotiranta1,*, Matti Kulju2 & Otto Miettinen3 1) Finnish Environment Institute, Natural Environment Centre, P.O. Box 140, FI-00251 Helsinki, Finland (*corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]) 2) Biodiversity Unit, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland 3) Finnish Museum of Natural History, Botanical Museum, P.O. Box 7, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland Received 10 Jan. 2017, final version received 23 Mar. 2017, accepted 27 Mar. 2017 Kotiranta H., Kulju M. & Miettinen O. 2017: Caudicicola gracilis (Polyporales, Basidiomycota), a new polypore species and genus from Finland. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 54: 159–167. A new monotypic polypore genus, Caudicicola Miettinen, Kotir. & Kulju, is described for the new species C. gracilis Kotir., Kulju & Miettinen. The species was collected in central Finland from Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris stumps, where it grew on undersides of stumps and roots. Caudicicola gracilis is characterized by very fragile basidiocarps, monomitic hyphal structure with clamps, short and wide tramal cells, smooth ellipsoid spores, basidia with long sterigmata and conidiogenous areas in the margins of the basidiocarp producing verrucose, slightly thick-walled conidia. The genus belongs to the residual polyporoid clade of the Polyporales in the vicinity of Steccherinaceae, but has no known close relatives. Introduction sis taxicola, Pycnoporellus fulgens and its suc- cessional predecessor Fomitopsis pinicola, and The species described here was found when deciduous tree trunks had such seldom collected Heino Kulju, the brother of the second author, species as Athelopsis glaucina (on Salix) and was making a forest road for tractors. To make Ceraceomyces violascens (on Betula). way for the road, pine and spruce stumps, cut in Among the polypores collected from the 1997 but still relatively hard, were grubbed up. underside of the stumps and their roots were Fruiting bodies of several species of polypores also white, effused polypore specimens that the were growing on the undersides of the stumps second author could not identify to any existing and roots, and Heino Kulju brought samples of species, so he sent them to the first author who them to his brother for identification. The lifted examined them and sent them further to the third stumps were colonized by poroid species such as author. Since none of the experts at the Finnish Trechispora hymenocystis, Porpomyces mucidus, Museum of Natural History could identify them Physisporinus vitreus, and such less common either, even to the genus, they were subjected to corticioid species as Chaetoporellus curvisporus DNA analysis, which proved that the species was and Jaapia ochroleuca. Fallen spruce trunks at indeed unique. the same site harbored species such as Meruliop- 160 Kotiranta et al. • ANN. BOT. FENNICI Vol. 54 Material and methods Polymerase II Largest Subunit (rpb1) sequence. They have been deposited in INSDC (Cochrane Microscopy et al. 2016; see also Table 1). We also used sequences of 50 specimens retrieved from Thirty spores per specimen were measured in INSDC (Table 1). They were chosen based on Cotton Blue (CB) using phase contrast illumina- similarity searches and the results in Miettinen tion and oil immersion with a subjective accu- et al. (2012), Binder et al. (2013) and Zhao et al. racy of 0.1 µm (see Miettinen et al. 2006). (2014). DNA was extracted using an E.Z.N.A. Other mounting media used were Melzer’s rea- forensic DNA kit (Omega Bio-Tek, Norcross, gent (IKI), Cresyl Blue (CRB) and 5% potas- GA, USA) or a DNeasy plant mini kit (Qiagen, sium hydroxide (KOH). The following spore and Hilden, Germany). PCR primers included ITS1F, conidium dimensions are reported: L = mean ITS5, ITS1, ITS4 and LR22 for ITS; CTB6, length, W = mean width, Q´ = range of the vari- LR0R and LR7 for the partial nLSU; MS1 ation in length-to-width ratio, Q = mean length- and MS2 for mtSSU (White et al. 1990, http:// to-width ratio (L/W ratio). Conidium and spore biology.duke.edu/fungi/mycolab/primers.htm); measurements (length and width) are given as ATP6-2 and ATP6-3 for atp6 (Krezter & Bruns the whole range (in parentheses) and 90% range 1999), and RPB1-Af and RPB1-Cr for rpb1 excluding 5% extreme values from both ends is (Matheny et al. 2002). Sequencing primers were given outside parentheses; when both values are the same with the addition of primers LR5 and identical, parentheses are omitted. None of the LR3R for nLSU and RPB1-Int2.2f (Binder et al. measurements is from spore prints. 2009) for rpb1. Besides the geographical co-ordinates the A concatenated data set of the residual poly- biological province and collecting site are indi- poroid clade of the Polyporales was constructed cated also according to the Finnish national containing 55 species and five loci (ITS, partial uniform grid system (27°E), applied to biologi- nLSU, partial mtSSU, partial rpb1 and partial cal material by Heikinheimo and Raatikainen atp6). Phylograms were built for the concat- (1981). The nomenclature of fungi follows Koti- enated data set as well as each of the loci sepa- ranta et al. (2009). rately. The ITS data set contained 53 species, 226 characters of which 52 parsimony informa- tive after excluding apparently non-homologous Specimens examined characters from the alignment (5.8S: 156 char- acters, 16 parsimony informative; ITS1 + ITS2: Caudicicola gracilis, see type specimens cited below. — Hypochnicium bombycinum. Finland. Kuusamo: Taival- 70 characters, 36 parsimony informative). LSU koski, Riihilehto, Populus tremula, 30 September 2004 Miet- data set had 55 species, 979 characters of which tinen 9441 (H). — Radulodon erikssonii. Norway. Akershus: 209 parsimony informative, mtSSU data set 34 Asker, Brønnøya SØ, Slottsveien, Malus pumila, 28 October species, 527 characters of which 168 parsimony 2009 Hofton 09820 (O). — Spongipellis delectans. China. informative, atp6 data set 25 species, 633 char- Liaoning: Anshan, Qianshan park, Quercus, 26 September 1998 Dai 3041 (H). — Spongipellis spumea. Finland. Uusi- acters of which 260 parsimony informative, rpb1 maa: Espoo, Träskända park, on Acer platanoides, 27 Octo- data set 20 species, 1079 characters or which 383 ber 2005 Oksanen 100 (H). parsimony informative, and concatenated data set 55 species, 3444 characters of which 1072 parsimony informative. DNA extraction and phylogenetic Sequences were aligned using MAFFT analysis online version 7.244 with the strategy E-INS-I (http://mafft.cbrc.jp; Katoh & Standley 2013) We produced 5 new nuclear ribosomal DNA and adjusted manually using PhyDE 0.9971 (see internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, 5 http://phyde.de). Numbers of informative char- large subunit (nLSU, 28S) sequences, 4 mito- acters were calculated in MEGA6 (Tamura et al. chondrial small subunit (mtSSU) sequences, 4 2013). Trees were rooted based on information ATP synthase 6 (atp6) sequences, and 1 RNA from Binder et al. (2013). In the case of the con- ANN. Table 1. INSDC accession numbers for DNA sequences used in this study. Specimens provided with collector and collection number information were sequenced for this study, the rest retrieved from the INSDC database. Province/state abbreviations follow Guobiao standards for China and ISO 3166 for other countries. BOT. Species Collector, coll. no. Country ITS LSU mtSSU ATP6 RPB1 FENNICI (herbarium) (province/state) Abortiporus biennis USA KP135300 KP135195 KP134783 Antella americana USA (TN) KP135316 KP135196 KP134885 Vol. Antrodiella pallescens Sweden JN710518 JN710518 JN710661 JN710612 54 Antrodiella semisupina USA (MA) KP135314 KP135197 KP134886 • Bulbillomyces farinosus Spain DQ681201 DQ681201 Butyrea japonica Japan JN710556 JN710556 JN710680 JN710629 Caudicicola gracilis,anewpolyporespeciesandgenusfromFinland Butyrea luteoalba USA (MD) KP135320 KP135226 KP134887 Caudicicola gracilis Heino Kulju 15/14 Finland KY415962 KY415962 KY415967 KY415970 KY415972 (H 6013927), holotype Ceriporiopsis consobrina Finland FJ496663 FJ496715 FJ496745 Cerrena unicolor Sweden JN710525 JN710525 JN710663 JN710614 Cerrena unicolor USA (MA) KP135304 KP135209 KP134874 Citripora afrocitrina Uganda JN710507 JN710507 JN710655 Climacocystis borealis USA (MA) KP135308 KP135210 KP134882 Cymatoderma caperatum Venezuela JN710529 JN710529 JN710666 JN710617 Diplomitoporus crustulinus USA (MA) KP135299 KP135211 KP134883 Etheirodon fimbriatum Sweden JN710530 JN710530 JN710667 JN710618 Fibricium subceraceum Germany JN710531 JN710531 JN710668 JN710619 Flaviporus cf. brownii Australia JN710538 JN710538 JN710670 JN710620 Flaviporus sp. Brazil JN710542 JN710542 JN710671 Hyphoderma granuliferum Costa Rica JN710545 JN710545 JN710673 JN710622 Hyphoderma litschaueri USA KP135295 KP135219 KP134868 Hyphoderma medioburiense USA KP135298 KP135220 KP134869 Hyphoderma mutatum USA KP135296 KP135221 KP134870 Hyphoderma setigerum USA KP135297 KP135222 KP134871 Hypochnicium bombycinum Otto Miettinen 9441 (H) Finland KY415959 KY415959 KY415965 Hypochnicium polonense Russia EU118635 EU118635 Hypochnicium subrigescens Norway JN710546 JN710546 JN710674 JN710623 Ischnoderma resinosum USA (MD) KP135303 KP135225 KP134884 Junghuhnia crustacea Indonesia (SB) JN710553 JN710553 JN710678 JN710627 Loweomyces fractipes USA (NY) JN710569 JN710569