Harmful Algae News No. 59 - February 2018 · www.ioc-unesco.org/hab An IOC Newsletter on Toxic Algae and Algal Blooms Content 25 years of HAN and IPHAB Invited contributions ..... 1 DM Anderson A retrospective look at HAB cyst researchG Hallegraeff ( ) ..... 4 How do algal blooms kill finfish ( ) .................... 9 TheØ Moestrup IOC Taxonomic Reference List of Harmful Microalgae 25 YEARS ( P Hess) ..................................... 12 Algal toxins over the last 25 yearsT Wyatt ( ) ................................... 15 Butterflies in Brazil (HAB events) ............................................ and monitoring 17 Harmful Algae News Alexandrium was first published need for a communicationHarmful Algaechannel News to Red tides of in early 1992 in response to requests strengthen networks and co-operation - - Gambierdiscusaffecting salmon in from the participants at a number adof was obvious and Kamchatka, Russia .......................... 20 hocIOC meetings and workshops on harm becameHarmful a core Algae element News in the IOC Harm in the Balearic ful algae, in particular the IOC-SCOR - ful Algal Bloom Programme. In- Islands .................................................. 22 Meeting in Rhode Island (USA) 2-3 ternational Marine Science started as an Light microscopy and qPCR November 1991, hosted by Ted Smay annex to the IOC UNESCO newsletter ‘ for ichthyotoxic microalgae da where the final draft of the Harmful ’ (IMS), with enumeration in Denmark ............ 24 Algal Bloom Programme was prepared. the enthusiastic supportHarmful of Algae IMS editorNews The Cawthron Institute At this time, e-mail was in its infancy, Gary Wright and assistant Michelle CultureISSHA’s CollectionCorner (CICCM) ......... 28 web sites still very simple but there was Turner. However, Forthcoming Events................................. 29 demand for a channel to disseminate became independentHarmful Algaeand eventuallyNews information about harmful algal events survived the IMS which ceased some GlobalHAB ............. 23, 30 and research, as well as to disseminate years later. has information on management/research been in publication for longer than any ........................................ 31 programmes, conferences, meetings other IOC newsletter and its viability etc. The field of HAB science was new,- reflects the sustained focus on harmful the community multidisciplinary and algae in the IOC programme, as well as- at a national level, often scattered be the continued interest by governments, tween many different institutions. The institutions, scientists and those im Vladimir“The Decade Ryabinin, of Ocean Exec. Science Secretary, will be IOC a unique ten-year, global, large scale cooperative programme to seek urgently-needed scientific solution to support effective ocean management, stewardship and sustainable develop- ment” (continue next page) Harmful Algae News - pacted by harmful algal events. Since agement communityHarmful will Algae continue News to turned 20 years submit their news items and announce- old in 2012, it has been a web based- ments and that can e-newsletter which meant longer issues continue to serve all its readers includ were possible and back issuesHarmful easily Algae ac ing the International Society for the Newscessible. We are currently working on a Study of Harmful Algae. searchable index Harmfulfor all Algae News To subscribe to HAN, send an e-mail- issues. to “[email protected]”name with empty The start of subject line and in the text body: sub would not have been possible without scribe han e.g.: for Peter Black a dedicated professional editor, Tim —> “subscribe han Peter Black” or just Wyatt. Tim wasHarmful already Algae an experienced News - Henrik“subscribe Enevoldsen, han” Intergovernmental journal editor and author, and a main Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, contributor to him Head, IOC Science and Communication self. In the early years he was assisted Centre on Harmful Algae by Yolanda Pazos, also at the Institute for Marine Investigations (IIM) in Vigo, Spain. Later, staff at the IOC Science and - Communication ÁngelesCentre at the Spanish- Dear Readers Institute of Oceanography (IEO) in Vigo- The fact thatHarmful this year Algae we Newsare celebrat (Jorge Diogéne, Aguilera, Móni ing the 25th anniversary of the IOC- ca Lion and Cristina Sexto) provided in newsletter , makes- valuable support in the compilation and- me, as Executive Secretary of the Inter layout. Since 2012 Leif Bolding at the governmental Oceanographic Commis- Department of Biology at the Universi- sion of UNESCO, proud of the strategic ty of Copenhagen has been producing foresight of the Commission. Continu- the layout andHarmful providing Algae the News appropri ous publication of this newsletter shows ate server facilities. Tim Wyatt edited the interest in the subject by the coast 48 issues of plus al zone management community; is- some special issues over his 22 years evidence of successful delivery of new as Editor. When Tim decided to retire knowledge by the interdisciplinary re as Editor we were lucky to have Beatriz search community; and is the result of- Reguera (IEO Vigo) and Eileen Bresnan effective prioritization of IOC work by (Marine Scotland) willing to take over- its Member States. The harmful algal re and continue the same high standard.Harmful search domain is an example of ocean AlgaeNo doubt News these standards have stimu science which is of primary importance- lated submissions and made - for sustainable development. Indeed, what it is today. We hope people’s health, nutrition, availabil the international HAB science and man ity of fresh water, and many economic interests are directly affected by the emergence of harmful algae. Successful research on and predictions of harmful algae demonstrate that oceanography is becoming more and more capable of responding to people’s needs. To make decisive and major improvements in making ocean observations, research,- sustaining services and responding to growing societal needs is the main ob- jective of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Devel opment (2021-2030). The Decade is going to shape much of the activity of Key people in the early days of the HAB programme. From top to bottom: Ted Smayda (USA), the IOC and its partners in the years to host of the IOC-SCOR Workshop, Newport, October 1991, where the HAB programme was out- come. Let me invite you all to engage lined (photo DM Anderson); Tom Osborne, IOC Technical Secretary when the programme was Vladimirand contribute. Ryabinin, Executive Secretary, launched; Bernd Dybern (Sweden), 1st IPHAB Chair, 1992, and last, Adriana Zingone (Italy), Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commis- 2nd IPHAB Chair during the III IPHAB meeting in June 1997, Vigo, in the middle with Henrik sion, UNESCO, Paris Enevoldsen (IOC) on the left and Vice-Chair Rhodora Azanza (Philippines) on the right. HARMFUL ALGAE NEWS NO. 59 / 2018 2 Intergovernmental Panel on Harmful Algal Blooms also turned 25! Harmful Al- galDuring News 1992, the same Year as theInter IOC- governmentalpublished the firstPanel issue on Harmfulof Algal Blooms , it also established an (IPHAB) which has met every second year since it was formed. The Panel is composed by IOC Member State- representatives and representatives of organizations working on different as pects of HABs. The Panel identifies and decides on priorities for international cooperation on HABs and also works to identify resources to facilitate the diverse work schedule to solve some of the real problems caused by harmful- algae. - Over the last 25 years the IOC Inter governmental Panel on HAB has initi- ated a large number of initiatives and activities leading to training opportu nities, manuals,‘Oceanography’ guides, projects and cooperative research. A special issue of the journal includes a paper on the history and role of the IOC HAB Programme in the developmenthttp://dx.doi. of org/10.5670/oceanog.2010.25international HAB science. The paper can be downloaded at . We here wish to pay a tribute to those who have chaired the Panel, and their Vice-chairs, the past 25 years and- their contribution to developing the HAB research and management com munity at a global scale. From top to bottom: Beatriz Reguera (Spain) and Phil Busby (New Zealand), elected as IPHAB Chair and Vice-Chair in 2002; Flowers to the outgoing Chair (Adriana Zingone, Italy) (left) and Vice- Chair (Rhodora Azanza, Philippines) (right); Leonardo Guzmán (Chile) (mid- dle), Chair from 2007 to -2011 welcomes the newly elected Chair, Rob Magnien (USA) (left) and Vice-Chair, Gyres Usup (Malaysia) (right) for the next term; Bottom: Results from last elections, at the 12th IPHAB Session, Paris, April 2015 HARMFUL ALGAE NEWS NO. 59 / 2018 3 A retrospective look at the early days of HAB cyst research, and a look to former used to disaggregate sediments and the latter to separate size fractions the future containing cysts. In his paper in the 1974 conference proceedings and in - other papers published near that time- [1-3], Wall highlighted the important Harmfulth Al- - - gaeOn thisNews occasion of the 25 anniver that came shortly before and after. roles that cysts likely played in dinoflag sary of the publication of The conference was very small com ellate bloom dynamics, including deter- , several of us were asked to pared to the current ISSHA meetings, mining where and when blooms might look backwards in time to some of the with approximately 100 participants originate, allowing survival through en- earlier days