2004 EDITION Urban Audit Methodological Handbook THEME 1 General EUROPEAN statistics COMMISSION 1 Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union New freephone number: 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu.int). Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2004 ISBN 92-894-7079-8 ISSN 1683-464X © European Communities, 2004 Urban Audit 2 – Methodological Handbook This Handbook was prepared by Landsis g.e.i.e. with contributions from a team of experts in urban statistics: Mrs Asta MANNINEN, of City of Helsinki – Department Urban Facts, Finland Mrs Denise PUMAIN, CNRS, University Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne, France Mr Risto LEHTONEN, University of Jyväskylä, Finland Mr Klaus TRUTZEL, Bureau of Statistics and Urban Research of the City of Nuremberg, Germany Mr Willibald CROI, Landsis g.e.i.e., Luxembourg Urban Audit – Methodological Handbook Table of Content TABLE OF CONTENT..................................................................................................................3 LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................................4 LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................................4 1 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................5 1.1 WHAT IS THE “URBAN AUDIT”? ................................................................................................ 5 1.2 URBAN AUDIT – 2003 DATA COLLECTION ....................................................................................... 6 1.3 STRUCTURE OF THE HANDBOOK ................................................................................................ 8 2 SPATIAL OBSERVATION UNITS IN THE URBAN AUDIT ....................................................................9 2.1 THREE SPATIAL LEVELS .......................................................................................................10 2.2 PARTICIPATING CITIES ........................................................................................................13 3 GLOSSARY OF VARIABLES AND INDICATORS ............................................................................. 17 3.1 GENERAL TERMINOLOGY ......................................................................................................17 3.2 DEMOGRAPHY (DE)...........................................................................................................18 3.3 SOCIAL ASPECTS (SA) ........................................................................................................21 3.4 ECONOMIC ASPECTS (EC) .....................................................................................................26 3.5 CIVIC INVOLVEMENT (CI)......................................................................................................32 3.6 TRAINING AND EDUCATION (TE)...............................................................................................34 3.7 ENVIRONMENT (EN) ..........................................................................................................37 3.8 TRAVEL AND TRANSPORT (TT) ................................................................................................45 3.9 INFORMATION SOCIETY (IT) ...................................................................................................47 3.10 CULTURE AND RECREATION (CR)..............................................................................................50 3.11 PERCEPTION INDICATORS ......................................................................................................52 4 ESTIMATION METHODS....................................................................................................... 54 4.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................54 4.2 FRAMEWORK FOR DATA SOURCES ..............................................................................................55 4.3 ESTIMATION METHODS FOR DOMAINS AND SMALL AREAS ........................................................................57 4.4 SELECTED NATIONAL CASE STUDIES............................................................................................63 5 AVAILABLE INFORMATION ON DATA SOURCES PER COUNTRY........................................................ 69 6 DATA QUALITY CHECK ....................................................................................................... 77 7 BIBLIOGRAPHY................................................................................................................. 82 INDEX.................................................................................................................................. 85 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................ 86 Page 3 / 87 Urban Audit – Methodological Handbook List of Tables Table 1: Structure of the Urban Audit Statistics .....6 Table 20: Finnish data from other organisations....72 Table 2: Urban Audit Database Flags...................7 Table 21: Sources used in Italy.........................72 Table 3: The “Kernels” in Paris and London ........ 10 Table 22: Sources used in Ireland .....................72 Table 4: Spatial Units used to compose the Larger Table 23: Statistics used in Luxembourg .............73 Urban Zone .................................... 11 Table 24: Statistics available at the CBS .............73 Table 5: Spatial Units per Country.................... 12 Table 25: Dutch data from other organisations .....73 Table 6: Population Coverage of the Urban Audit in Member States and Candidate Table 26: Data from the National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria...........................73 Countries....................................... 13 Table 27: Data from other organisations .............73 Table 7: Participating Cities in the Urban Audit.... 14 Table 28: Data from the Statistical Office of Table 8: NACE Rev.1 Main categories ................ 30 Estonia ..........................................74 Table 9: Land cover / use correspondance.......... 43 Table 29: Data from other organisations .............74 Table 10: Classification of the activities of the Table 30: Data from the Hungarian Central ICT industries using the NACE rev. 1....... 49 Statistical Office...............................74 Table 11: Urban Audit Cities in the perception survey Table 31: Data from the Statistics Lithuania ........74 .................................................. 53 Table 12: Scheme of different data options by Table 32: Data from other organisations .............75 data collection mode and coverage with Table 33: Data from the Central Statistical respect to the target population ........... 56 Bureau of Latvia ...............................75 Table 13:Traditional Direct Estimators .............. 60 Table 34: Data from the Central Statistical Office of Poland ...............................75 Table 14:Traditional Indirect Estimators ............ 60 Table 15: Comparison of Labour Force Survey Table 35: Data from other organisations .............75 and Register-based Employment Table 36: Data from the National Institute of Statistics data ................................. 66 Statistics ........................................75 Table 16: German data from the Federal Statistical Table 37: Data from other organisations .............75 Office ........................................... 70 Table 38: Data from the Statistical Office of the Slvak Republic .................................76 Table 17: German data from other organisations .. 70 Table 39: Data from other organisations .............76 Table 18: Sources used in Spain....................... 70 Table 40: Ranges applied to check the Table 19: Statistics available at Statistics Finland. 71 accuracy of Indicators ........................77 List of Figures Figure 1: Organisational set-up of the Figure 6: Compilation of different Small Areas .....65 Urban Audit...........................................6 Figure 7: Employment according to the Figure 2: Participating Cities in the Urban Audit... 16 Labour Force Survey and Register-based Employment Statistics 1989-2001 ...............66 Figure 3: The Spatial Prediction Process ............ 64 Figure 8: Unemployed according to the Figure 4: Linking units of register-based statistics. 65 Labour Force Survey and Register-based Figure 5: Statistical Units in Small Area Statistics . 65 Employment Statistics 1989-2001 ...............66 Page 4 / 87 Urban Audit – Methodological Handbook 1 Introduction 1.1 What is the “Urban Audit”? The Urban Audit is a response to growing demand for the Internet (http://www.europa.eu.int/comm/ an assessment of the quality of life in European regional_policy/urban2/urban/audit/index.html). towns / cities, where a significant proportion of The pilot phase of the Urban Audit demonstrated, European Union citizens live. The Urban Audit is a for the first time, the feasibility of obtaining and joint effort by the Directorate-General for Regional presenting information on a pan-European basis for a Policy (DG REGIO) and Eurostat to provide reliable wide range of indicators at the town/ city adminis- and comparative