HANDBOOK for Accreditation of Community Pharmacists Action (COPA) Model Pharmacies in Nigeria HANDBOOK for Accreditation of Community Pharmacists Action (COPA) Model Pharmacies in Nigeria CONTRIBUTORS Howard University Global Initiative Nigeria (HUGIN): 1. Dr. Dorothy Oqua Country Director 2. Pharm Seun Asieba Deputy Project Director 3. Dr. Kenneth A. Agu Associate Director 4. Dr. Onuche Omeh Associate Director 5. Dr. Nnenna Ekechukwu Senior Pharmacy Manager 6. Pharm. Zainab Adeyanju Pharmacy Specialist 7. Pharm. Timothy Ukeje Technical Assistant, Pharmacy 8. Pharm. Afusat Adesina Senior Pharmacy Specialist, Lagos 9. Pharm. Peter Agada Senior Pharmacy Specialist, Cross River State 10. Pharm. Anthony Achanya Senior Pharmacy Specialist, Akwa- Ibom State 11. Pharm. Festus Agu Senior Pharmacy Specialist, Rivers 12. Pharm Reuben Eniolorunda Resident, WAPCP 13. Pharm Maduka Elizabeth Resident, WAPCP Pharmacists Council of Nigeria 14. Pharm NAE Mohammed Registrar 15. Pharm Thomas Ilupeju Director of Pharmacy Practice 16. Pharm Peter Iliya Deputy Director, Public Relations 17. Pharm Mojisola Aizobu Pharmacy Practice Department 18. Pharm Ibrahim Jatau Pharmacy Practice Department Association of Community Pharmacists of Nigeria (ACPN) 19. Pharm (Dr.) Albert Kelong Alkali National Chairman 20. Pharm Gbenga Olubowale Former Chairman, Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria, Lagos State 21. Pharm Sunday Ike Chairman, ACPN FCT, Abuja 22. Pharm Nankap Wuyep National Assistant Secretary 23. Pharm Gafar Madehin Olanrewaju National Treasurer 24. Pharm Iyiola Gbolagade National Secretary, Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria DISCLAIMER This is an official publication of Association of Community Pharmacists of Nigeria (ACPN) with technical support from Howard University PACE (HU PACE) Center, Pharmacists Council of Nigeria (PCN) and Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria (PSN). The development and printing of this publication was supported by Howard University PACE (HU PACE) centre through Sustainable Financing Initiative (SFI) in Strengthening Integrated Delivery of HIV/AIDS Services (SIDHAS) project with funding support from United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Nigeria. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of USAID Nigeria, HU PACE and SIDHAS project. Table of Contents Foreword Acknowledgements Acronyms and Abbreviations CHAPTER 1: Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Community Pharmacists Action (COPA) Centre 1.3 Why COPA? 1.4 What is a COPA Centre? 1.5 Who is the COPA initiative for? CHAPTER 2: COPA Assessment 2.1. Manpower 2.2. Materials and Supplies 2.3. Methodology CHAPTER 3: Follow up / Monitoring 3.1. Validity 3.2. Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) 3.3. Re-assessment of Community Pharmacy REFERENCES ANNEX I: Quality Assessment for Model Pharmacies (COPA Centres) ANNEX II: Quality Assessment for Model Pharmacies - Scoring Sheet ANNEX III: COPA Signage FOREWORD This Handbook is the culmination of the thoughts of the Association of Community Pharmacists of Nigeria (ACPN) on her branding initiative for achieving continuous quality improvement and quality care standards in community pharmacy practice in Nigeria. The branding initiative which is tagged “Community Pharmacists Action” (COPA) is a continuous quality improvement initiative aimed at promoting best practices in community pharmacy in Nigeria. It is actively promoted by ACPN members and supported by Pharmacists Council of Nigeria (PCN). The main objectives of COPA are to reposition community pharmacy as a model to influence surrounding pharmacies to brace up to modern and pharmacy best practices as well as serve as a means of improving the standards of pharmacy practice thereby optimizing patient outcomes by ensuring the rational use of medicines. COPA centres are so designated through an accreditation process which has been outlined and discussed thoroughly in this handbook. COPA Centres showcase pharmacy best practices, quality pharmaceutical care service provision including medication adherence counselling, pharmacovigilance (e.g. fake drug alert etc.), handle drug information collation and dissemination as well as drug distribution (dispensing) with good documentation/reporting system as well as good financial and logistics system along with any other public health services which would benefit the patients and community in general. The COPA Accreditation process entails inspection, approval, certification and support supervision for maintenance of achieved standards. It is a process in which certification of competence, authority and/or credibility is presented and it is designed to be supportive, consistent and objective. The PCN in keeping with its regulatory mandate of developing and enforcing standards for pharmaceutical premises, personnel and practice is in support of the COPA Accreditation process as a way of encouraging peer review of standards alongside its own regulatory mechanism. I encourage more community pharmacists to subject themselves to the COPA accreditation process as a way of repositioning their practice to achieve global best practices. Thank you. Pharm N. A. E. Mohammed, FPSN, FNIM, FPCPharm, FNAPharm Registrar, Pharmacists Council of Nigeria (PCN), Nigeria. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The COPA initiative is a quality assurance project that has defiled implementation by several Leaders of the Association of Community Pharmacists of Nigeria (ACPN) over the years till the current collaboration between the ACPN and Howard University Global Initiative Nigeria (HUGIN). This relationship has resulted in the operationalisation of COPA, the formation of a COPA accreditation team and development of this Handbook. With the Community Pharmacist as a major beneficiary of this project, it is therefore expedient to appreciate key stakeholders for all the efforts put in the project especially the development of this COPA Handbook. The Association of Community Pharmacists of Nigeria (ACPN) acknowledges the uncommon support of Howard University Global Initiative Nigeria’s (HUGIN) team led by the Country Director Dr. Dorothy Oqua, the team members include the Deputy Project Director Pharm. Iyeseun Asieba, Dr. Kenneth Agu and others, the implementers of the Pharmaceutical Services components of the Strengthening Integrated Delivery of HIV/AIDs Services (SIDHAS) project funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) in the operationalization, implementation of Community Pharmacy Action (COPA) and the development of the COPA Handbook. The Handbook was developed with the combined efforts of staff of Pharmacists Council of Nigeria (PCN), the Leadership of Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria (PSN) and Association of Community Pharmacists of Nigeria (ACPN) at both the National and State level particularly the National President of the PSN, Pharm. Ahmed Yakassi FPSN, FNIM; and all PSN & ACPN state Chairmen, coordinated by the HUGIN team. The Registrar of Pharmacists Council of Nigeria Pharm. N.E. Mohammed FPSN, FNIM for releasing the PCN staff for the programme. All the Directors of Pharmaceutical Services in Lagos, Cross Rivers, Rivers and Akwa Ibom States for their support. Also, I will like to appreciate the National Agency for Food, Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) for their solidarity to the COPA initiative. Finally, I wish to appreciate the first sets of COPA accredited Pharmacies for their willingness to improve their standard of practice by way of voluntary application for accreditation by the COPA Assessment Team. It is our strong believe that this Handbook will guide more Community Pharmacists to apply for COPA accreditation of their Pharmacies with the resultant improvement of Pharmaceutical Service delivery by Community Pharmacists in Nigeria. Dr. Alkali Albert Kelong FPCPHARM National Chairman Acronyms and Abbreviations ACPN Association of Community Pharmacists of Nigeria CP Community Pharmacist COPA Community Pharmacists Action Centre DPS Director of Pharmaceutical Services FIP International Pharmaceutical Federation GPP Good Pharmacy Practice HUGIN Howard University Global Initiative Nigeria HU PACE Howard University Pharmaceutical Care And Continuing Education M&E Monitoring and Evaluation PCN Pharmacists Council of Nigeria PSN Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria ROI Return on Investment SFI Sustainable Financing Initiative USAID United States Agency for International Development WHO World Health Organization CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background The health of the public is central to the happiness and welfare of all people. Barriers to good health include poor access to quality medical products, lack of access to trained health professionals and care, an inadequate health workforce, unaffordable cost of care and poor standards of education of health-care professionals (FIP/WHO, 2011). Medicines are an essential part of health-care services in all cultures and societies. Substandard, adulterated, unlicensed and spurious/falsely-labelled/falsified/counterfeit medicines are a growing problem that compromise health. Quality assurance system for medicine supply chain is critical for the prevention of disease and the treatment of patients. This includes system for the detection of spurious/falsely-labelled/falsified/counterfeit medicines, ensuring proper storage, quality preparation of medicines, proper prescribing of medicines, instructions for use are clear, medicine–medicine and medicine–food interactions are prevented; known and predictable adverse medicine reactions,