Kukka Maastikukaitseala Ja Luhastu Hoiuala Kaitsekorralduskava 2014–2023

Kukka Maastikukaitseala Ja Luhastu Hoiuala Kaitsekorralduskava 2014–2023

Kukka maastikukaitseala ja Luhastu hoiuala kaitsekorralduskava 2014–2023 SISUKORD Sissejuhatus ........................................................................................................................................................................4 1 Kukka-Luhastu loodusala iseloomustus ................................................................................................5 1.1 Ala üldine iseloomustus .............................................................................................................................5 1.2 Maakasutus...................................................................................................................................................... 6 1.3 Huvigrupid....................................................................................................................................................... 8 1.4 Kaitsekord........................................................................................................................................................ 9 1.5 Uuritus............................................................................................................................................................ 10 2 Väärtused ja kaitse-eesmärgid ................................................................................................................. 11 2.1 Elustik ............................................................................................................................................................. 11 2.1.1 Taimed..................................................................................................................................................... 11 2.1.1.1 Soohiilakas ( Liparis loeselii )................................................................................................. 13 2.1.1.2 Kõdu-koralljuur ( Corallorhiza trifida ) ............................................................................. 13 2.1.1.3 Kärbesõis ( Ophrys insectifera )............................................................................................. 14 2.1.1.4 Ainulehine sookäpp e soovalk (Malaxis monophyllos ).............................................. 14 2.1.1.5 Täpiline sõrmkäpp (Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. cruenta ).................................. 15 2.1.1.6 Kahkjaspunane sõrmkäpp (Dactylorhiza incarnata )................................................. 15 2.1.1.7 Harilik ungrukold ( Huperzia selago )................................................................................ 16 2.1.1.8 Soo-neiuvaip ( Epipactis palustris)..................................................................................... 16 2.1.1.9 Harilik käoraamat ( Gymnadenia conopsea )................................................................... 17 2.1.1.10 Teised alal esinevad kaitsealused taimeliigid............................................................... 17 2.2 Loodusdirektiivi I lisa elupaigatüübid............................................................................................... 19 2.2.1 Kuivad niidud lubjarikkal mullal (*olulised orhideede kasvualad – 6210)................ 20 2.2.2 Liigirikkad niidud lubjavaesel mullal (*6270)........................................................................ 21 2.2.3 Lood (alvarid – *6280)...................................................................................................................... 21 2.2.4 Puisniidud (*6530)............................................................................................................................. 22 2.2.5 Allikad ja allikasood (7160)............................................................................................................ 23 2.2.6 Nõrglubja-allikad (*7220)............................................................................................................... 23 2.2.7 Liigirikkad madalsood (7230)....................................................................................................... 24 2.2.8 Vanad loodusmetsad (*9010)........................................................................................................ 25 2.2.9 Vanad laialehised metsad (*9020)............................................................................................... 26 2.2.10 Rohunditerikkad kuusikud (9050)......................................................................................... 26 2.2.11 Puiskarjamaad (9070)................................................................................................................. 27 2.2.12 Soostuvad ja soo-lehtmetsad (*9080)................................................................................... 27 2.3 Maastikud...................................................................................................................................................... 28 2.3.1 Poollooduslikud kooslused ja pärandmaastikud................................................................... 28 2.3.2 Madalsood.............................................................................................................................................. 28 2.3.3 Vääriselupaigana inventeeritud alad.......................................................................................... 29 2.3.4 Metsad...................................................................................................................................................... 30 2.4 Üksikobjektid............................................................................................................................................... 30 2.4.1 Kukemäe silmaallikas (Palade allikas)....................................................................................... 30 2.4.2 Pärdi allikad........................................................................................................................................... 30 2.4.3 Palade vanatee rahnud ..................................................................................................................... 30 3 Ala ja selle väärtuste tutvustamine ning külastuskorraldus ................................................... 32 3.1 Külastuskorraldus...................................................................................................................................... 32 3.2 Taristu............................................................................................................................................................. 32 3.2.1 Teed .......................................................................................................................................................... 32 3.2.2 Kuivenduskraavid............................................................................................................................... 33 3.2.3 Elektriliinid............................................................................................................................................ 33 4 Kavandatavad kaitsekorralduslikud tegevused ja eelarve ...................................................... 34 4.1 Uuringud ja inventuurid.......................................................................................................................... 34 4.1.1 Kaitstavate taimeliikide inventuur .............................................................................................. 34 4.1.2 Riiklik seire............................................................................................................................................ 34 4.1.3 Seire kuivendussüsteemide sulgemise mõju kohta Kukka soo taimestikule............. 34 4.1.4 Sooelupaikade piiride ja pindala täpsustamine...................................................................... 35 4.1.5 Kaitsekorralduskava tulemuslikkuse vahehindamine ........................................................ 35 4.2 Taastamis- ja hooldamistegevused..................................................................................................... 36 4.2.1 Kaitstava taimeliigi kasvualade taastamine............................................................................. 36 4.2.2 Looniidu taastamine .......................................................................................................................... 37 4.2.3 Looniitude hooldamine..................................................................................................................... 37 4.2.4 Aruniitude hooldamine..................................................................................................................... 38 4.2.5 Puisniitude taastamine ..................................................................................................................... 39 2 4.2.6 Puisniitude hooldamine.................................................................................................................... 40 4.2.7 Puiskarjamaade hooldamine.......................................................................................................... 40 4.2.8 Mineraaliderikka allikasoo taastamine...................................................................................... 41 4.2.9 Kuivendussüsteemide sulgemine ja väljavoolude piiramine............................................ 42 4.3 Tähised ja üksikobjektide taristu ........................................................................................................ 45 4.3.1 Kaitse- ja hoiuala märgistuse paigaldamine ja uuendamine............................................. 45 4.3.2 Kukemäe Silmaallika

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