o " !I .SOUTHEAST ASA ASSOCIATION OF SEISMOLOGY AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING Serics on Seis ,iv!g VOLUME V !j, ii.. ." . INDONESIA Front Cover Damage caused to Hindu temple gateway from the earthquakes of 1979 December, 17d 19h 48m 23s at 8.49 SXl15-82E; MB6.2; H22km. The earthquake occurred off the northeastern coast of Bali and caused damage ashore many kilometres away. This photograph was taken in the city of Karangasem where damage was nearby the maximum incurred. The structure was of high quality masonry. S T SOUTHEAST ASIA ASSOCIATION OF SEISMOLOGY AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING Mr Ho Tong-Yuen, President Dr R.L. Kintanar, Vice-President Series on Seismology Volume V - INDONESIA PART A A CATALOGUE OF DESTRUCTIVE EARTHQUAKES IN INDONESIA FOR THE PERIOD 1821-1984 PART B ATTENUATION FUNCTION OF INTENSITY FOR EARTHQUAKES OF INDONESIA PART C SEISMIC SOURCE ZONES IN INDONESIA PART D SEISMOTECTONICS OF THE INDONESIAN REGION by Soetardjo, M. Untung, E.P. Arnold, R. Soetadi, Sulaeman Ismail, and Engkon K. Kertapati E.P. Arnold, Series Editor and Programme Co-ordinator June 1985 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was carried out by SEASEE under U.S. Geological Survey Grant 14-08-0001-G-713 with funding from the Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance, U.S. Agency for International Development, PASA BOF - 0999-P-IC-1107. AVAILABILITY Copies of this series of publications can be obtained from any of the following: E.P. Arnold, U.S. Geological Survey, Box 25046 M.S. 967, Denver Federal Center, Denver, Colorado 80225, U.S.A. The Director-General, Malaysian Meteerological Service, Jalan Sultan, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. The Director-General, Meteorological and Geophysical Agency, Jalan Arief Rakhman Hakim 3, Jakarta-Pusat, Indonesia. The Director-General, PAGASA, 1424 Quezon Avenue, Quezon City, Manila, Philippines. The Director-General, Meteorological Department of Thailand, 612 Sukhumvit Road, Bangkok 10110, Thailand. Researched, compiled and published under U.S. Geological Sur­ vey grant 14-08-0001-6-713. Supported by the Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance, Agency for International Development, United States Department of State under PASA BOF-0999-P­ IC-1107 E.P. Arnold, Project Co-ordinator and Editor ISBN No. 974-8202-19-4 TABLE OF CONTENTS PART A A CATALOGUE OF DESTRUCTIVE EARTHQUAKES IN INDONESIA FOR THE PERIOD Introduction 1821-1984 Acknowledgements 1 List of Abbreviations 2 2 List of Destructive Earthquakes 3 References 3 42 PART B ATTENUATION FUNCTION OF INTENSITY FOR EARTHQUAKES OF INDONESIA Introduction 43 Attenuation Function Analysis Macroseismic Data 43 46 References Focal Mechanism Solutions for Earthquakes 60 in Indonesia 67 PART C SEISMIC SOURCE ZONES IN INDONESIA Introduction Seismic Activity 107 Seismic Source Zone 107 109 Characteristics of Seismic Source Zones 110 Conclusions References 152 153 PART D SEISMOTECTONICS OF THE Introduction INDONESIAN REGION Sumatera 161 Java 161 Kalimantan 164 Sulawesi 165 Talaud 166 Timor 170 Halmahera 171 Tectonics 174 of the Northern Banda Arc Irian Jaya 177 Active 178 Faults of the Indonesian Archipelago 179 Lembang Fault, Java Cimandiri Fault, Java 184 184 Citanduy Valley Fault and Banyumas Fault 184 Palu-Koro Fault Zone, Sulawesi 185 Matano Fault Zone, Sulawesi The 186 Central Structural Valley of Timor Reverse 187 Fault at Dobo, Aru Island Group Irian Fault Zone 187 The Sorong Fault Zone 187 187 The Yapen Fault Zone, Irian 188 The Ransiki Fault Zone Other 188 Active Faults in Irian Jaya 189 References 190 PART A A CATALOGUE OF DESTRUCTIVE EARTHQUAKES IN INDONESIA FOR THE PERIOD 1821-1984 PART A A CATALOGUE OF DESTRUCTIVE EARTHQUAKES IN INDONESIA FOR THE PERIOD 121-1984 Introduction This catalogue has been compiled under the Earthquake Disaster Mitigation Project coordinated by the.Southeast Asia Association of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering (SEASEE). Its purpose is to col lect all available information on earthquakes that have occurred in or affected the Indonesian Archipelago and its adjacent areas in the past. For Indonesia, the project was headed by Mr. R. Soetardjo, as the Principal Investigator. He was assisted by a team consisting of seismologists, historians and translators. Several institutes and libraries considered as probable data sources that have been contacted during the implementation of the project are, among others: 1. The Library of the Meteorological and Geophysical. Agency, Jakarta. 2. The Library of the Directorate General of Volcanology, Bundung. 3. The Library of the Geological Research and Development Centre, Bandung. 4. The National Library, Jakarta. 5. The National Archives, Jakarta. 6. The National Museum, Jakarta. 7. The National Scientific Documentation Centre, Jakarta. 8. The Library of the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Observatory, De Bilt. The macroseismic data sources that have been collected and translated into English are chronologically arranged as follows: 1. Die Erdbeden des Indischen Archipels bis zum Jahre 1857 (by Arthur Wichmann). 2. Die Erdbeben des Indischen Archipels von 1858 bis 1877 (by Arthur Wichmann). 3. Geophysical Notes. 4. Macroseismic Survey Reports up to 1984 (published after completing the survey). The last two mentioned were published by the Meteorological and Geophysical Agency, Jakarta. An attempt was made to complete the missing data for the year 1878-1883 and 1942-1948 by contacting the Library of the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Observatory; unfortunately, it seems that no more data are available. For the period 1942-1947, probably no earthquake observations were made, due to World War II. Netherlands, some articies from daily newspapers published at that time, such as Kuang-po and Sin-po, have contributed additional information to This catalogue, of course, does not include all macroseismic data but, rather, selected destructive earthquakes which have caused at least cracks in walls and falling plaster. Some of the missing data are still being sought and will be added as soon as they are found. It is hoped that this catalogue wil 1 be of use to anyone who is interested in the investigation of earthquake phenomena. Acknowledgements The project team wishes to express its thanks to: 1. The Director General of the Meteorological and Geophysical Agency for his support and guidance. 2. The team of the Department of History, Faculty of Letters, University of Indonesia, for their kind cooperation in translating the macroseismic reports from Dutch and German into English. 3. Mr. R. Susanto, Mr. A. Koesdarjanto, Mr. R. Soetardjo and Mr. R. Sutadi for their support and guidance in the macroseismic data compilation. 4. All Indonesian seismologists who have contributed to the completion of the required inforhmation and provided additional data for interpreting the intensity levels. Finally, it should be placed on record that the compilation of all the above-mentioned data has been supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior, under USGS Agreement No. 14-08-001-G-713, without which, and the coordination efforts of SEASEE, this catalogue would never have produced its results as presented herein. List of Abbreviations E.I. = Earthquakes in Indonesia E.R. = Earthquake Report (Macroseismic Survey Report) G.N. = Geophysical Notes N.T. = Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch - Indie, which consists of: 1. Uitbarstingen van Vulkanen en Aardbevingen in den Oost Indischen Archipel Waargenomen yaar 1884-1898. 2. Vulkanische Verschijnselen en Aardbevingen in den Oost Indischen Archipel yaar 1899-1941. S.I. = Seismology in Indonesia 2 LIST OF DESTRUCTIVE EARTHQUAKES ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Event Effect Intensity Source ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Origin Time Jepara: Central Java - the 1821 Dec 25 earthquake was felt at Jepara and reported as VI-VII as the MMI scale. VII NT Origin Time Bulukumba: In South Sulawesi a 1828 Dec 29 destructive earthquake occurred and caused severe damage to buildings; hundreds of people were killed. VIII-IX NT Origin Time Ambon: Maluku - earthquake 1830 Mar 28 occurred and caused damage to 01h 00m 00s buildings. VII-VIII NT Origin Time Batavia/Jakarta: Shocks caused 1833 Jan 28 damage to buildings and cracked 05h 00m 00s Walls. No deaths or injuries were reported. VII-VIII NT Origin Time Bengkulu: Sumatera - a severe 1833 Nov 24 earthquake occurred and caused some buildings to collapse or be damaged. A tsunami was observed. No further informa­ tion. VIII-IX NT Origin Time Bogor and Cianjur: West Java ­ 1834 Oct 10 a violent shock occurred; the earthquake caused severe damage to buildings, some of which collapsed, and cracks in the road between Bogor and Cianjur. Nodeaths or injuries were reported. VIII-IX NT Origin Time Padang: West Sumatera - the 1835 Aug 26 earthquake struck Padang and caused slight damage to build­ ings and cracks in walls. VII-VIII NT Origin Time Ambon: Maluku - a large earth­ 1835 Nov 01 quake occurred and caused some buildings to col lapse; 60 people injured; landslides in the hills were observed. VII-IX NT 3 Event Effect Intensity Source ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Origin Time Mojokerto: East Java - at 1836 Mar 22 Mojokerto, about 60 km west of Surabaya, L shock occurred and caused damage and loss of property. VII-VIII NT Origin Time Maluku: Earthquake felt at 1837 Jan 21 Saparua, Haruku and on Nusalaut Island. Damage to buildings and houses. VII-VIII NT Origin Time Bima: Sumbawa - a strong earth­ 1837 Nov