-^ i >t \ \ -<b ^ ^ if n^ T :>'fe .**' f ^' :&: ur-'^ *. « .•r- ^ /zo- t^ "C7" : //D. TRANSACTIONS OF THE WOOLHOPE NATURALISTS' FIELD CLUB. [Established 1851.] 5^ 1852 TO 1865. COLLATED AND COMPILED BY H. Cecil Moore, Honorary Secretary. "Hope on." " Hope ever." HEREFORD; printed by jakeman and carver, 4 & 5i high town. Issued December, 1907- TRANSACTIONS OF THE Woolliopt Saturaliats' JFtdft «Inb. 1852—1865. INTRODUCTION. The Woolhope Naturalists' Field Club, according to the Title-page of its earliest pubUcations, was established in 185 1, and, as we gather from subsequent issues, during the winter period of the end of that year. The earliest minutes, how- ever, which we possess are dated Tuesday, April 13th, 1852, when Mr. R. M. Lingwood was in the chair. The twelve Rules of the Club are entered upon the minutes. Rule 2 regulates " That the Club consists of 40 Members, with such Honorary ." Members as may be admitted from time to time. That the formation of the Club had received mature consideration preliminary to this first record of its proceedings, may be assumed from the fact that, at this its first recorded meeting, 30 Members were elected upon its foundation. Seven of the most distinguished authorities in our Kingdom on Geology and Botany were at this same meeting elected honorary members. Mr. R. M. Lingwood was elected President. The thanks of the in meeting were voted to Mr. M. J. Scobie for his exertions estabUshing the Club, and he was elected Honorary Secretary. The first bound volume of the Transactions of the Club contains the proceedings of the year 1866. The proceedings of the Club during the fourteen years, 1852 to 1865, were generally summarised or epitomised in the annual address of the President for each respective year. Only six printed publications were issued during those fourteen years ; these were in pamphlet form with paper covers. Possibly not more than one or two complete sets of the six parts are in any one's possession. These six parts are incorporated in their proper sequence in this volume. Fortunately there was amongst the earliest members of the Club a chiel taking notes, who published them in one of our local newspapers, the Hereford Times. This was Mr. Flavell ; Edmunds, a good botanist, and a scholar of various scientific attainments. To the Hereford Times, of which paper he was the Editor, we owe our records of many very valuable articles. In the compilation of this volume I have, in addition to consulting the volumes of the Hereford Times in our Reference Library, availed myself of the Minute Book of the Club, and of the Proceedings of contiguous kindred Clubs. My best thanks are due to Mr. Walter Pilley for the loan of his collections, which have supplied many references. Rule I of the Club determines its object : —" For the practical study, in all its branches, of the Natural History of Herefordshire and the districts immediately adjacent." This is very comprehensive. From its origin the Club has been in a state of " evolution " and its fields of investigation and research considerably widened. In the Rules published for 1903 the subject of Archaeology was added to Rule i. Our Members are not limited. At the end of 1907 our Club embraces about 260 ordinary Members. In- cluding our Honorary Members and Officials of Corresponding Societies with whom our Transactions are exchanged, we forward more than 300 of our publications when issued. We now possess eighteen bound volumes treating princi- pally of our beautiful county. Our nineteenth volume, now in the press, will bring the Geology, Botany, and Mycology of the county up to date. There is much more work to be done, especially in details of Geology, examination of Drifts, exposition of the general configuration and formation of the scenery of the county, and the causes to which it is due. On the completion of my task, however imperfectly per- formed, I am sensible that our Members will highly appreciate the ground work established by previous labourers. My desire is that the study thereof will stimulate each individual to con- tribute to the stores of our knowledge, thus ensuring the con- tinued progress of the Club and the maintenance of its reputation. H. CECIL MOORE. l^th November, 1907. ; The following original Rules are copied from the Minute Book of the Club, dated April 13th, 18s2. RULES OF THE ooll|0p£ Jlaturalists' J^i^ltJ Qtltrb. I. —That a Society be formed under the name of " The WooLHOPE Naturalists' Field Club " for the practical study, in all its branches, of the Natural History of Herefordshire and the districts immediately adjacent. II.—That the Club consist of Forty Members with such Honorary Members as may be admitted from time to time from which number a President and Honorary Secretary be appointed at the Annual Meeting, to be held at Hereford on the Fourth Monday of January in each year. III. —That the Members of the Club shall hold three Field Meetings during the year in the most interesting localities for investigation of the Natural History of the district. That the days and places of meeting be selected at the Annual Meeting, and that timely notices of each be communicated to the Members by a circular card from the Secretary. IV. —That those Members to whom it may be convenient shall breakfast together at the nearest country Inn at 9 o'clock, after which the researches of the day shall commence, V. —That 4 be the hour appointed for Dinner, after which any papers shall be read by the respective authors. Each Member may introduce a friend on such occasions who must pay his own expenses. VI. —That the Annual Subscription be Ten Shillings, to be laid out in defraying the cost of printing such papers as may be selected for that purpose by a Committee of Five Members selected at the Annual Meeting from the general body, and to meet any expenses which may be incurred for stationery, postage, &c. That the cost of any lithographic or other illustrations be defrayed by the author of the paper for which they may be required. VII. —That the papers of the Club be printed in a cheap octavo form. VIII. —That at the Annual Meeting the President be requested to favour the Club with an address containing a written summary of its proceedings at the several Field Meetings during the previous year, together with such observations from himself as he may deem conducive to the welfare of the Club, and the promotion of its objects. IX. —That all Candidates for Membership shall be proposed and seconded by existing Members, either verbally or in writing, at any Meeting of the Club, and shall be eligible to be balloted for at the next Meeting, provided there be Five Members present ; one black ball in three to exclude. X. —That Members finding rare or interesting specimens, or observing any remarkable phenomenon relating to any branch of Natural History, shall immediately forward a statement thereof to the Honorary Secretary. XI. —That the Woolhope Naturalists' Field Club undertake the formation of and publication of correct lists of the various Natural productions of the County of Hereford, with such observa- tions as their respective authors may deem necessary. XII. —That these Rules be printed and a copy sent to each Member. April 13th, 1852. W00llj0pB Naturalists' fWtt CHtrb. OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1852. President : R. M. LixGWOoD, Esq., Lyston, Herefordshire. Honorary Secretary : M. J. ScoBiE, Esq., Hereford. Honorary Members : Sir Rod. I. Murchison, G.O.St. S., F.R.S., F.G.S., &c., London. Professor John Phillips, F.R.S., F.G.S., &c., London. Professor John Lindley, Ph.D., F.R.S., London. , Hugh E. Strickland, Esq., M.A., F.G.S., Lecturer on Geology to the University of Oxford. Robert E. Grant, M.D., F.R.S., &c., London and Edinburgh. Rev. p. B. Brodie, M.A., F.G.S., Foleshill, Warwickshire. George Bentham, Esq., Pontrilas, Herefordshire. Members : Rev. J. H. Barker, Hereford. A. C. de Boinville, Esq., Hereford. H. G. Bull, M.D., Hereford. Thos. Cam, F.R.C.S., Hereford. Rev. J. CoMMELiNE, Rector of Redmarley, Worcestershire. Rev. J. F. Crouch, Pembridge Rectory, Herefordshire. A. W. Davis, M.D., Tenbury. J. E. Davis, F.G.S., Tenbury. Rev. W. C. Fowle, Ewias Harold, Herefordshire. R. W. Fryer, Hereford. Rev. R. Lane Freer, F.S.A., Bishopstone, Herefordshire. W. L. Gilliland, M.D., Hereford. W. C. Henry, M.D., Haffield, Ledbury. Rev. Reginald Hill, Cradley, Worcestershire. Rev. R. Holmes, Eldersfield Vicarage, Worcestershire. Richard Johnson, Hereford. R. ^L Lingwood, Lyston, Herefordshire. Thos. H. Lee Warner, Tibberton Court, Herefordshire. Rev. T. T. Lewis, Aymestrey, Herefordshire. Edmund Lechmere, The Rhydd, Worcestershire. Chas. Lingen, M.D., F.R.C.S., Hereford. W. H. Purchas, Ross. W. S. Rootes, M.D., Ross. Andrew Rowan, M.D., Hereford. Rev. Wm. S. Symonds, Pendock Rectory, near Tewkesbury. M. J. ScoBiE, F.G.S., Hereford. J. A. F. Suter, Abergavenny. Henry Stone, Chambers Court, Worcestershire. A. Thompson, Hereford. ' Rev. H. J. Taylor, Rector of Upton-on-Severn. Presidents FROM ITS ESTABLISHENT IN 1851. 1851 Club formed in the winter months. 1852 Lingwood, Mr. R. M. 1853 Lewis, Rev. T. T. 1854 Symonds, Rev. Wm. S., F.G.S. 1855 Crouch, Rev. J. P., B.D. 1856 Wheatley, Mr. Hewett. 1857 Lingen, Charles, M.D., F.R.C.S. 1858 Bevan, G. P., M.D. 1859 Bevan, G. P., M.D. i860 Banks, Mr. R. W. 1861 Lightbody, Mr. Robert. 1862 Hoskyns, Mr. Chandos Wren. 1863 Hoskyns, Mr. Chandos Wren. 1864 Crouch, Rev. J. F., B.D.