3 Appendix A Multilateral Leadership Appendix A1 Managing Directors of the IMF Camille Gutt Pierre-Paul Schweitzer Dates of service: 1948 to 1951 Dates of service: 1963 to 1973 Nationality: Belgium Nationality: France Previous positions: Finance Previous positions: Deputy Gover- Minister, Belgium nor, Bank of France; Director, French Treasury; Alternate Executive Director of the Fund Ivar Rooth H. Johannes Witteveen Dates of service: 1951 to 1956 Dates of service: 1973 to 1978 Nationality: Sweden Nationality: The Netherlands Previous positions: Chairman of the Previous positions: Professor of Economic Research Institute of Economics, Rotterdam School of Sweden; Central Bank (Riksbank) Economics; Minister of Finance, Governor, Sweden Netherlands; Deputy Prime Minister, Netherlands Per Jacobsson Jacques de Larosière Dates of service: 1956 to 1963 Dates of service: 1978 to 1986 Nationality: Sweden Nationality: France Previous positions: Economic Previous positions: Director, French advisor and head of the Monetary Treasury and Economic Department of the Bank for International Settlements 107 Institute for International Economics | http://www.iie.com Michel Camdessus Horst Köhler Dates of service: 1987 to 2000 Dates of service: 2000 to date Nationality: France Nationality: Germany Previous positions: Governor, Previous positions: President, Bank of France European Bank for Reconstruction and Development; Deputy Minister of Finance, Germany Sources: Horsefield (1969), Garritsen de Vries (1985), and International Monetary Fund (2001a, 2001b). 108 LEADERSHIP SELECTION IN THE MAJOR MULTILATERALS Institute for International Economics | http://www.iie.com Appendix A2 Presidents of the World Bank Eugene Meyer Robert S. McNamara Dates of service: 1946 to 1947 Dates of service: 1968 to 1981 Nationality: United States Nationality: United States Previous positions: Broker and Previous positions: Secretary of Member of New York Stock Defense; President, Ford Motor Exchange; Chairman, Federal Company Reserve System; Publisher, Washington Post John J. McCloy Alden Clausen Dates of service: 1947 to 1949 Dates of service: 1981 to 1984 Nationality: United States Nationality: United States Previous positions: Assistant Previous positions: Chief Executive Secretary of War; Law Partner, Officer, BankAmerica Milbank, Tweed, Hope, Hadley and McCloy Eugene R. Black Barber B. Conable Dates of service: 1949 to 1963 Dates of service: 1984 to 1991 Nationality: United States Nationality: United States Previous positions: US Executive Previous positions: Member, House Director at the World Bank; of Representatives; Professor, Senior Vice President, Chase University of Rochester National Bank George D. Woods Lewis Preston Dates of service: 1963 to 1968 Dates of service: 1991 to 1995 Nationality: United States Nationality: United States Previous positions: Chairman, First Previous positions: Chairman Boston Corporation; Member, and Chief Executive Officer, International Finance Corporation J.P. Morgan & Co. International Advisory Committee James D. Wolfensohn Dates of service: 1995 to present Nationality: United States Previous positions: President and Chief Executive Officer of James D. Wolfensohn Inc. Sources: Kraske et al. (1996); World Bank Group (2000); and Mark Tran, “Former Morgan Chief to Head World Bank,” The Guardian (London), 8 March 1991 (Lexis/Nexis). APPENDIX A 109 Institute for International Economics | http://www.iie.com Appendix A3 Directors-General of the GATT and WTO Eric Wyndham-White1 Peter Sutherland Dates of Service: 1948 to 1968 Dates of service: 1993 to 1995 Nationality: United Kingdom Nationality: Ireland Previous positions: Secretary- Previous positions: Attorney General of the Emergency General of Ireland; Commissioner Economic Committee for Europe; of the European Community; Executive Secretary of the Chairman of Allied Irish Banks Preparatory Committee for the International Trade Organization and later, of the Havana Conference Olivier Long Renato Ruggiero Dates of service: 1968 to 1980 Dates of service: 1995 to 1999 Nationality: Switzerland Nationality: Italy Previous positions: Head of the Previous positions: Secretary- Swiss Delegation to the European General of the Ministry of Foreign Free Trade Association; Swiss Affairs, Italy; Minister for Foreign Ambassador to the United Trade, Italy Kingdom and to Malta; Professor, Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva Arthur Dunkel Mike Moore Dates of service: 1980 to 1993 Dates of service: 1999 to date Nationality: Switzerland Nationality: New Zealand Previous positions: Delegate of Previous positions: Minister of the Federal Council for Trade Overseas Trade and Marketing, Agreements; Ambassador New Zealand; Prime Minister, Plenipotentiary, Head or Acting New Zealand Head of the Swiss delegations to GATT Tokyo Round negotiations and UNCTAD Sources: World Trade Organization (1999, 2000). 1. Wyndham-White served as Executive Secretary of the GATT from 1948 to 1965. 110 LEADERSHIP SELECTION IN THE MAJOR MULTILATERALS Institute for International Economics | http://www.iie.com.