MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI, COLUMBIA THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI The State Historical Society of Missouri, heretofore organized under the laws of this state, shall be the trustee of this state — Laws of Missouri, 1899; Revised Statutes of the State of Missouri, 2000, chapter 183. OFFICERS, 2001-2004 BRUCE H. BECKETT, Columbia, President JAMES C. OLSON, Kansas City, First Vice President SHERIDAN A. LOGAN, St. Joseph, Second Vice President (deceased) VIRGINIA G YOUNG, Columbia, Third Vice President NOBLE E. CUNNINGHAM, JR., Columbia, Fourth Vice President R. KENNETH ELLIOTT, Liberty, Fifth Vice President ROBERT G J. HOESTER, Kirkwood, Sixth Vice President ALBERT M. PRICE, Columbia, Treasurer JAMES W. GOODRICH, Columbia, Executive Director, Secretary, and Librarian PERMANENT TRUSTEES FORMER PRESIDENTS OF THE SOCIETY H. RILEY BOCK, New Madrid ROBERT C. SMITH, Columbia LAWRENCE O. CHRISTENSEN, Rolla Avis G TUCKER, Kansas City LEO J. ROZIER, Perryville TRUSTEES, 2001-2004 WALTER ALLEN, Brookfield DICK FRANKLIN, Independence W. H. (BERT) BATES, Kansas City VIRGINIA J. LAAS, Joplin CHARLES R. BROWN, St. Louis EMORY MELTON, Cassville VERA F. BURK, Kirksville JAMES R. REINHARD, Hannibal TRUSTEES, 2002-2005 CHARLES B. BROWN, Kennett W. GRANT MCMURRAY, Independence CHARLES W. DIGGES, SR., Columbia THOMAS L. MILLER, SR., Washington DONNA G HUSTON, Marshall PHEBE ANN WILLIAMS, Kirkwood JAMES R. MAYO, Bloomfield TRUSTEES, 2003-2006 JOHN K. HULSTON, Springfield DALE REESMAN, Boonville GARY R. KREMER, Jefferson City ARVARH E. STRICKLAND, Columbia JAMES B. NUTTER, Kansas City BLANCHE M. TOUHILL, St. Louis BOB PRIDDY, Jefferson City HENRY J. WATERS III, Columbia EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Eight trustees elected by the board of trustees, together with the president of the Society, consti­ tute the executive committee. The executive director of the Society serves as an ex officio member. BRUCE H. BECKETT, Columbia, Chairman DlCK FRANKLIN, Independence WALTER ALLEN, Brookfield VIRGINIA J. LAAS, Joplin H. RnJfY BOCK, New Madrid JAMES C. OLSON, Kansas City LAWRENCE O. CHRISTENSEN, Rolla ROBERT C. SMITH, Columbia MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW VOLUME XCVIII, NUMBER 2 JANUARY 2004 JAMES W. GOODRICH LYNN WOLF GENTZLER Editor Associate Editor RHIANNON SOUTHWORTH REYNOLDS Information Specialist The MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW (ISSN 0026-6582) is published quarterly by the State Historical Society of Missouri, 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, MO 65201-7298. Receipt of the MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW is a benefit of membership in the State Historical Society of Missouri. Phone (573) 882-7083; fax (573) 884-4950; e-mail <[email protected]>; web site <www.system.missouri.edu/shs>. Periodicals postage is paid at Columbia, Missouri. POSTMASTERS: Send address changes to MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW, 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, MO 65201-7298. Copyright © 2004 by The State Historical Society of Missouri COVER DESCRIPTION: This 1932 photograph shows newly weds Lawrence and Erma Fae Jackson and Lawrence's sister, Myrtle Jackson, leaning against Bill Mitchell's jitney in Kansas City's Leeds neigh­ borhood. Stemming from segregation, Leeds was one of Kansas City's all-black neighborhoods in the first half of the twentieth century. Despite grappling with inadequate housing, low incomes, and racism, residents created a supportive and nurturing environment. Through interviews with former inhabitants, Gary Kremer examines the Leeds community during the 1920s-1950s in his article, '"Just Like the Garden of Eden': African-American Community Life in Kansas City's Leeds," beginning on page 121. [Photo courtesy of JoAnn Jackson] EDITORIAL POLICY The editors of the Missouri Historical Review welcome submission of articles and documents relating to the history of Missouri. Any aspect of Missouri history will be con­ sidered for publication in the Review. Genealogical studies, however, are not accepted because of limited appeal to general readers. Manuscripts pertaining to all fields of American history will be considered if the subject matter has significant relevance to the history of Missouri or the West. Authors should submit two double-spaced copies of their manuscripts. The footnotes, prepared according to The Chicago Manual of Style, 15th ed., also should be double-spaced and placed at the end of the text. Authors are encouraged to submit manuscripts, prefer­ ably in Microsoft Word, on a disk or CD. Two hard copies still are required. Originality of subject, general interest of the article, sources used, interpretation, and style are criteria for acceptance and publication. Manuscripts, exclusive of footnotes, should not exceed 7,500 words. Articles that are accepted for publication become the property of the State Historical Society of Missouri and may not be published elsewhere without permission. The Society does not accept responsibility for statements of fact or opinion made by the authors. Articles published in the Missouri Historical Review are abstracted and indexed in Historical Abstracts, America: History and Life, Recently Published Articles, Writings on American History, The Western Historical Quarterly, and The Journal of American History. Manuscript submissions should be addressed to Editor, Missouri Historical Review, State Historical Society of Missouri, 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, MO 65201-7298; or e-mail [email protected]. BOARD OF EDITORS LAWRENCE O. CHRISTENSEN ALAN R. HAVIG University of Missouri-Rolla Stephens College Columbia WILLIAM E. FOLEY VIRGINIA J. LAAS Central Missouri State University Missouri Southern State University Warrensburg Joplin SUSAN M. HARTMANN DAVID D. MARCH Ohio State University Kirksville Columbus ARVARH E. STRICKLAND University of Missouri-Columbia CONTENTS A FOUNDING MISSOURIAN: DUFF GREEN AND MISSOURI'S FORMATIVE YEARS, 1816-1825. PART 1. By William S. Belko 93 A QUAKER VIEW OF BLACK ST. LOUIS IN 1841. By Thomas D. Hamm 115 "JUST LIKE THE GARDEN OF EDEN": AFRICAN-AMERICAN COMMUNITY LIFE IN KANSAS CITY'S LEEDS. By Gary R. Kremer 121 ANNUAL MEETING HELD ON OCTOBER 18 145 SOCIETY RECEIVES BEQUEST FROM JANICE PLOWMAN ESTATE 158 NEWS IN BRIEF 159 MISSOURI HISTORY IN NEWSPAPERS 160 MISSOURI HISTORY IN MAGAZINES 165 BOOK REVIEWS 170 Launius, Roger D. Seasons in the Sun: The Story of Big League Baseball in Missouri. Reviewed by Mark C. Stauter. Stein, Lana. St. Louis Politics: The Triumph of Tradition. Reviewed by Lawrence O. Christensen. Hyslop, Stephen G. Bound for Santa Fe: The Road to New Mexico and the American Conquest, 1806-1848. Reviewed by R. Eli Paul. BOOK NOTES 174 Brentwood Historical Society. Brentwood, Missouri. Chou, Steve. Hannibal, Missouri: Bluff City Memories. Ripley County Historical Society. History and Families: Ripley County, Missouri. Peck, Dianne. Once Upon A Time . At The Missouri State Fair. Irle, Lisa. Warrensburg, Missouri. Faherty, William Barnaby. Exile in Erin. Duff Green Papers, Southern Historical Collection, Wilson Library, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill A Founding Missourian: Duff Green and Missouri's Formative Years, 1816-1825 Part 1 BY WILLIAM S. BELKO* The Missouri frontier in the days before statehood was, like every other frontier period of U.S. history, a rough-and-tumble place. A virgin environ­ ment required a hardy race of men, and these men regularly resorted to pugilism with little incitement. Sometime after the end of the War of 1812, U.S. Army Sergeant David Campbell—a grandson of the noted General William Campbell of King's Mountain fame—killed a riverboatman in a quarrel. Dismissed from the service shortly thereafter, Campbell came to * William S. Belko is project manager for the Michigan Lighthouse Project, Clarkston, Michigan, and an adjunct professor at Oakland Community College in Detroit. He received his bachelor's degree and master's degree from Southwest Missouri State University, Springfield, and completed his PhD in history at Mississippi State University, Starkville. 93 94 Missouri Historical Review Chariton, Missouri, in search of employment. Hiram Craig, Campbell's uncle and a county court judge in Chariton, approached his neighbor, Duff Green, founder and one of the town's most recognized individuals. Craig asked General Green, a successful lawyer, to help his errant nephew embark on a respectable career. Green accommodated the judge by allowing the young man use of a room and access to his law books so that the erratic Campbell might study law. Although the relationship remained amicable for a while, it soon erupted into violence. A colonel's position in the Missouri militia had become available as a result of the creation of a new county, and Campbell, now a practicing attor­ ney, sought the office. In his pursuit of the coveted rank, Campbell unwise­ ly apprised voters that Green, brigadier general of the Missouri militia, wished to see him gain the position. At this juncture, another individual approached Green, informed him of Campbell's machinations, and offered to oppose the attorney if Green would proclaim the inaccuracy of the statements. The general complied by announcing to the public that Campbell was not authorized to use his name. Despite the revelation, Campbell won the elec­ tion by a narrow margin. Following the victory, Campbell, heavily intoxicat­ ed and accompanied by a coterie of his supporters, "took the stump" in front of Green's home and proclaimed his success gained despite the general's opposition. The new colonel then "avowed his unrelenting enmity." A few days later, Green and Campbell