☛ ✟ ✡ ✠ ☛ ✟ ✡ ✠ The music typesetter This manual provides a reference for all notation that can be produced with LilyPond version 2.19.84. It assumes that the reader is familiar with the material in the Section “Learning Manual” in Learning Manual. For more information about how this manual fits with the other documentation, or to read this manual in other formats, see Section “Manuals” in General Information. If you are missing any manuals, the complete documentation can be found at http://lilypond.org/. Copyright ⃝c 1998–2015 by the authors. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”. For LilyPond version 2.19.84 The LilyPond development team LilyPond Notation Reference i 1.1 Pitches ................................................... ......................... 1 1.1.1 Writing pitches ................................................... ............ 1 Absolute octave entry ................................................... .......... 1 Relative octave entry ................................................... .......... 2 Accidentals ................................................... .................... 6 Note names in other languages ................................................... 8 1.1.2 Changing multiple pitches ................................................... .. 9 Octave checks ................................................... ................ 10 Transpose ................................................... .................... 11 Inversion ................................................... ..................... 14 Retrograde ................................................... ................... 14 Modal transformations ................................................... ........ 15 1.1.3 Displaying pitches ................................................... ........ 17 Clef ................................................... .......................... 17 Key signature................................................... ................. 21 Ottava brackets................................................... ............... 24 Instrument transpositions ................................................... ..... 26 Automatic accidentals ................................................... ........ 28 Ambitus ................................................... ...................... 35 1.1.4 Note heads ................................................... ............... 37 Special note heads ................................................... ............ 38 Easy notation note heads ................................................... ..... 39 Shape note heads ................................................... ............. 41 Improvisation................................................... ................. 44 1.2 Rhythms ................................................... ...................... 44 1.2.1 Writing rhythms ................................................... .......... 45 Durations ................................................... .................... 45 Tuplets ................................................... ....................... 47 Scaling durations ................................................... ............. 52 Ties ................................................... .......................... 53 1.2.2 Writing rests................................................... .............. 57 Rests ................................................... ......................... 57 Invisible rests ................................................... ................. 59 Full measure rests ................................................... ............ 60 1.2.3 Displaying rhythms ................................................... ....... 65 Time signature ................................................... ............... 65 Metronome marks ................................................... ............ 69 Upbeats ................................................... ...................... 73 Unmetered music ................................................... ............. 74 Polymetric notation................................................... ........... 76 Automatic note splitting ................................................... ...... 79 Showing melody rhythms ................................................... ..... 80 1.2.4 Beams ................................................... .................... 83 Automatic beams ................................................... ............. 83 Setting automatic beam behavior ................................................ 86 Manual beams ................................................... ................ 94 Feathered beams................................................... .............. 97 1 Musical notation ............................................... 1 Table of Contents ii 1.2.5 Bars ................................................... ...................... 98 Bar lines ................................................... ..................... 98 Bar numbers ................................................... ................ 105 Bar and bar number checks ................................................... .. 110 Rehearsal marks ................................................... ............. 111 1.2.6 Special rhythmic concerns................................................... 113 Grace notes ................................................... ................. 113 Aligning to cadenzas................................................... ......... 118 Time administration ................................................... ......... 119 1.3 Expressive marks ................................................... ............. 120 1.3.1 Expressive marks attached to notes ......................................... 120 Articulations and ornamentations ............................................... 120 Dynamics ................................................... ................... 123 New dynamic marks ................................................... ......... 129 1.3.2 Expressive marks as curves.................................................. 132 Slurs ................................................... ........................ 132 Phrasing slurs ................................................... ............... 135 Breath marks................................................... ................ 136 Falls and doits................................................... ............... 138 1.3.3 Expressive marks as lines ................................................... 139 Glissando................................................... .................... 139 Arpeggio ................................................... .................... 143 Trills ................................................... ........................ 146 1.4 Repeats ................................................... ...................... 149 1.4.1 Long repeats................................................... ............. 149 Normal repeats ................................................... .............. 149 Manual repeat marks ................................................... ........ 157 Written-out repeats................................................... .......... 159 1.4.2 Short repeats ................................................... ............ 161 Percent repeats ................................................... .............. 161 Tremolo repeats ................................................... ............. 164 1.5 Simultaneous notes ................................................... ........... 165 1.5.1 Single voice ................................................... .............. 166 Chorded notes ................................................... ............... 166 Chord repetition................................................... ............. 168 Simultaneous expressions ................................................... .... 170 Clusters ................................................... ..................... 171 1.5.2 Multiple voices ................................................... .......... 171 Single-staff polyphony ................................................... ....... 171 Voice styles................................................... .................. 175 Collision resolution ................................................... .......... 176 Merging rests ................................................... ................ 180 Automatic part combining ................................................... ... 181 Writing music in parallel................................................... ..... 186 1.6 Staff notation................................................... ................. 189 1.6.1 Displaying staves ................................................... ........ 189 Instantiating new staves ................................................... ..... 189 Grouping staves ................................................... ............. 190 Nested staff groups ................................................... .......... 194 Separating systems ................................................... .......... 195 1.6.2 Modifying single staves ................................................... .. 196 Staff symbol 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