This edition of the Technical Bulletin has been supported by the American Friends of the National Gallery, London National Gallery Technical Bulletin with a generous donation from Mrs Charles Wrightsman volume 35 Joshua Reynolds in the National Gallery and the Wallace Collection Series editor: Ashok Roy Photographic credits © National Gallery Company Limited 2014 BOSTON All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be transmitted © 2015 Museum of Fine Arts, Boston: 18, 78. in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including CAMBRIDGE photocopy, recording, or any storage and retrieval system, without © Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge: 7. prior permission in writing from the publisher. EDINBURGH Articles published online on the National Gallery website Scottish National Gallery may be downloaded for private study only. © National Galleries of Scotland: 21. HOUSTON First published in Great Britain in 2014 by © The Menil Collection, Houston, photo Hickey-Robertson, National Gallery Company Limited Houston: 17. St Vincent House, 30 Orange Street London WC2H 7HH INDIANAPOLIS © Indianapolis Museum of Art, Indiana: 145. www.nationalgallery. co.uk LONDON British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data. © The British Museum: 90, 138. © The National Gallery, London: 2, 13, 14, 20, 23, 27–9, 31, 33–41, A catalogue record is available from the British Library. 45, 46, 48–54, 57–66, 69–72, 75, 76, 79, 81, 85–8, 92, 93, 96–112, 116, 118–25, 129, 131–4, 137, 139, 140, 142, 143, 147, 149–52, ISBN: 978 1 85709 556 2 155, 156, 161, 162, 166, 167, 169–71, 173–80, 182, 183, 188–91, ISSN: 0140 7430 194–202, 205–8, 210, 216, 217. 1038962 © National Maritime Museum, London: 1, 32. Publisher: jan Green © Royal Academy of Arts, London: 25, 26. Project Manager: Claire Young © Tate 2015: 16. Editor: Lise Connellan Design: Libanus Press © The Wallace Collection, London: 4–6, 15, 30, 44, 55, 73, 74, 80, Picture Research: Suzanne Bosman 83, 84, 94, 95, 117, 153, 154, 157, 163, 165, 168, 172, 187, Production: jane Hyne and Penny Le Tissier 204, 211–14. © The Wallace Collection, photo: The National Gallery, London: 8, 9, Repro by Alta Image 12, 24, 42, 43, 47, 56, 67, 68, 77, 82, 89, 91,113–15, 126–8, 135, Printed in Italy by Conti Tipocolor 136, 141, 144, 146, 148, 158–60, 164, 181, 184, 185, 192, 193, 203, 209, 215. © The Wallace Collection, London, photo Anna Sandèn: 130. NEW HAVEN FRONT COVER © Yale Center for British Art, New Haven, Connecticut: 10, 11, Joshua Reynolds, Lady Cockburn and her Three Eldest Sons (NG 2077), 19, 186. 1773 (detail) OXFORD TITLE PA GE © Copyright in this Photograph Reserved to the Ashmolean Museum, TOP LEFT: Joshua Reynolds, Mrs Mary Robinson (‘Perdita’), Oxford: 3. The Wallace Collection (P45), 1783–4 (detail). National Gallery Company TOP RIGHT: Joshua Reynolds, Colonel Tarleton, The National Gallery ST PETERSBURG (NG 5985), 1782 (detail). © With permission from The State Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg, London BOTTOM LEFT: Joshua Reynolds, Miss jane Bowles, The Wallace courtesy of Kamilla Kalinina and Elizaveta Renne; 22. Collection (P36), 1775–6 (detail). BOTTOM RIGHT: Joshua Reynolds, Mrs Susanna Hoare and Child, The Wallace Collection (P32), 1763–4 (detail). Distributed by Yale University Press 001-005 TB35 Prelims_26.11.indd 2 09/12/2014 18:42 001-005 TB35 Prelims_26.11.indd 1 26/11/2014 14:36 This edition of the Technical Bulletin has been supported by the American Friends of the National Gallery, London National Gallery Technical Bulletin with a generous donation from Mrs Charles Wrightsman volume 35 Joshua Reynolds in the National Gallery and the Wallace Collection Series editor: Ashok Roy Photographic credits © National Gallery Company Limited 2014 BOSTON All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be transmitted © 2015 Museum of Fine Arts, Boston: 18, 78. in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including CAMBRIDGE photocopy, recording, or any storage and retrieval system, without © Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge: 7. prior permission in writing from the publisher. EDINBURGH Articles published online on the National Gallery website Scottish National Gallery may be downloaded for private study only. © National Galleries of Scotland: 21. HOUSTON First published in Great Britain in 2014 by © The Menil Collection, Houston, photo Hickey-Robertson, National Gallery Company Limited Houston: 17. St Vincent House, 30 Orange Street London WC2H 7HH INDIANAPOLIS © Indianapolis Museum of Art, Indiana: 145. www.nationalgallery. co.uk LONDON British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data. © The British Museum: 90, 138. © The National Gallery, London: 2, 13, 14, 20, 23, 27–9, 31, 33–41, A catalogue record is available from the British Library. 45, 46, 48–54, 57–66, 69–72, 75, 76, 79, 81, 85–8, 92, 93, 96–112, 116, 118–25, 129, 131–4, 137, 139, 140, 142, 143, 147, 149–52, ISBN: 978 1 85709 556 2 155, 156, 161, 162, 166, 167, 169–71, 173–80, 182, 183, 188–91, ISSN: 0140 7430 194–202, 205–8, 210, 216, 217. 1038962 © National Maritime Museum, London: 1, 32. Publisher: jan Green © Royal Academy of Arts, London: 25, 26. Project Manager: Claire Young © Tate 2015: 16. Editor: Lise Connellan Design: Libanus Press © The Wallace Collection, London: 4–6, 15, 30, 44, 55, 73, 74, 80, Picture Research: Suzanne Bosman 83, 84, 94, 95, 117, 153, 154, 157, 163, 165, 168, 172, 187, Production: jane Hyne and Penny Le Tissier 204, 211–14. © The Wallace Collection, photo: The National Gallery, London: 8, 9, Repro by Alta Image 12, 24, 42, 43, 47, 56, 67, 68, 77, 82, 89, 91,113–15, 126–8, 135, Printed in Italy by Conti Tipocolor 136, 141, 144, 146, 148, 158–60, 164, 181, 184, 185, 192, 193, 203, 209, 215. © The Wallace Collection, London, photo Anna Sandèn: 130. NEW HAVEN FRONT COVER © Yale Center for British Art, New Haven, Connecticut: 10, 11, Joshua Reynolds, Lady Cockburn and her Three Eldest Sons (NG 2077), 19, 186. 1773 (detail) OXFORD TITLE PA GE © Copyright in this Photograph Reserved to the Ashmolean Museum, TOP LEFT: Joshua Reynolds, Mrs Mary Robinson (‘Perdita’), Oxford: 3. The Wallace Collection (P45), 1783–4 (detail). National Gallery Company TOP RIGHT: Joshua Reynolds, Colonel Tarleton, The National Gallery ST PETERSBURG (NG 5985), 1782 (detail). © With permission from The State Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg, London BOTTOM LEFT: Joshua Reynolds, Miss jane Bowles, The Wallace courtesy of Kamilla Kalinina and Elizaveta Renne; 22. Collection (P36), 1775–6 (detail). BOTTOM RIGHT: Joshua Reynolds, Mrs Susanna Hoare and Child, The Wallace Collection (P32), 1763–4 (detail). Distributed by Yale University Press 001-005 TB35 Prelims_26.11.indd 2 09/12/2014 18:42 001-005 TB35 Prelims_26.11.indd 1 26/11/2014 14:36 Joshua Reynolds at the National Gallery Joshua Reynolds at the National Gallery1 engraving was ever made. Captain Orme is shown in Reynolds’s artistic development by giving him a passage battle in North America in the year in which he sat for to Italy in 1749. Lady Albemarle sat for Reynolds on susan foister the portrait, at a notorious defeat by combined French eleven occasions between 1757 and 1759 (although it is and Native American forces, during which the officer of possible that more than one portrait was the the Coldstream Guards was wounded but many of his result). She is shown in the activity of ‘knotting’, which fellow British troops were slaughtered. Reynolds took produced decorative cords that could be sewn to Joshua Reynolds’s work formed part of the founding was reported that it was in a poor state, ‘utterly gone by the poses of Orme and his horse from a fresco by the clothing. The extreme whiteness of her complexion is collection of the National Gallery in 1824, and the cracking’. sixteenth-century Italian artist Jacopo Ligozzi, which he not the result of age, ill health or the application of collection now includes fi ve of his works, all portraits. In 1863 the Gallery’s fi rst director, Sir Charles had sketched at fi rst hand in Florence three years earlier cosmetics but the result of the fading of Reynolds’s red That small number does not reflect any adverse Eastlake, made one of the Gallery’s fi rst purchases in the during his Italian journey, but the troubled expression lake pigment. judgement on the significance of Reynolds’s work by the fi eld of British painting (as distinct from gifts or bequests and urgency imparted to the painting is Reynolds’s own. In 1892 Reynolds’s portrait of Lady Cockburn guardians of the Gallery. Rather, it is explained by the to the Gallery), acquiring the portrait of Captain Robert Reynolds’s portrait of Lady Albemarle (CAT. 3) was and her three eldest sons (CAT. 7) entered the National fact that in 1897 the Tate Gallery was founded to house Orme (CAT. 1) at a Christie’s sale. It was painted early in bought by the Gallery out of the Lewis fund2 from the Gallery Collection as a bequest from Lady Hamilton, a the national collection of British art, relieving the Reynolds’s career, in 1755–6, and remained in his studio picture dealer Agnew’s in 1888. It had been sold by the descendant of the Cockburn family. Unusually, the National Gallery in Trafalgar Square from the obligation for over twenty years until bought by the 5th Earl 7th Earl of Albemarle whose family had commissioned bequest was challenged by six other family members, to represent British painting in a comprehensive fashion of Inchiquin whose descendants sold it in 1863. the portrait in about 1757. Although the portrait was and in 1900 on the advice of the Treasury Solicitor, the and solving some pressing problems of space.