Species at Risk Act Recovery Strategy Series Recovery Strategy and Action Plan for the Banff Springs Snail (Physella johnsoni) in Canada Banff Springs Snail February 2007 Recovery Strategy and Action Plan for the Banff Springs Snail (Physella johnsoni) in Canada February 2007 About the Species at Risk Act Recovery Strategy Series What is the Species at Risk Act (SARA)? SARA is the Act developed by the federal government as a key contribution to the common national effort to protect and conserve species at risk in Canada. SARA came into force in 2003, and one of its purposes is “to provide for the recovery of wildlife species that are extirpated, endangered or threatened as a result of human activity.” What is recovery? In the context of species at risk conservation, recovery is the process by which the decline of an endangered, threatened or extirpated species is arrested or reversed, and threats are removed or reduced to improve the likelihood of the species’ persistence in the wild. A species will be considered recovered when its long-term persistence in the wild has been secured. What is a recovery strategy? A recovery strategy is a planning document that identifies what needs to be done to arrest or reverse the decline of a species. It sets goals and objectives and identifies the main areas of activities to be undertaken. Detailed planning is done at the action plan stage. Recovery strategy development is a commitment of all provinces and territories and of three federal agencies — Environment Canada, Parks Canada Agency and Fisheries and Oceans Canada — under the Accord for the Protection of Species at Risk. Sections 37–46 of SARA (http://www.sararegistry.gc.ca/the_act/default_e.cfm) outline both the required content and the process for developing recovery strategies published in this series. Depending on the status of the species and when it was assessed, a recovery strategy has to be developed within one to two years after the species is added to the List of Wildlife Species at Risk. Three to four years is allowed for those species that were automatically listed when SARA came into force. What’s next? In most cases, one or more action plans will be developed to define and guide implementation of the recovery strategy. Nevertheless, directions set in the recovery strategy are sufficient to begin involving communities, land users, and conservationists in recovery implementation. Cost-effective measures to prevent the reduction or loss of the species should not be postponed for lack of full scientific certainty. The series This series presents the recovery strategies prepared or adopted by the federal government under SARA. New documents will be added regularly as species are listed and as strategies are updated. To learn more To learn more about the Species at Risk Act and recovery initiatives, please consult the SARA Public Registry (http://www.sararegistry.gc.ca/) and the Web site of the Recovery Secretariat (http://www.speciesatrisk.gc.ca/recovery/default_e.cfm). Recovery Strategy and Action Plan for the Banff Springs Snail (Physella johnsoni) in Canada February 2007 Recovery Strategy and Action Plan for the BANFF SPRINGS SNAIL (Physella johnsoni) in Canada February 2007 Recovery Strategy and Action Plan for the Banff Springs Snail (Physella johnsoni) in Canada February 2007 Recommended citation: Lepitzki, D.A.W. and C. Pacas. 2007. Recovery Strategy and Action Plan for the Banff Springs Snail (Physella johnsoni), in Canada. Species at Risk Act Recovery Strategy Series. Parks Canada Agency, Ottawa. 61 pp. Additional copies: You can download additional copies from the SARA Public Registry (http://www.sararegistry.gc.ca/) Cover illustration: D.A.W. Lepitzki Également disponible en français sous le titre Programme de rétablissement et plan d’action visant la physe des fontaines de Banff (Physella johnsoni) au Canada [proposition] © Her majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, represented by the Minister of the Environment, 2007. All rights reserved. Content (excluding the cover illustration) may be used without permission, with appropriate credit to the source. Recovery Strategy and Action Plan for the Banff Springs Snail (Physella johnsoni) in Canada February 2007 AUTHORS Dwayne A. W. Lepitzki, Wildlife Systems Research, Banff Charlie Pacas, Aquatics Specialist, Parks Canada, Banff National Park, Banff RECOVERY TEAM MEMBERS: Charlie Pacas, Aquatics Specialist, Banff National Park of Canada (Chair) Dale Redford, Asset Manager Engineer, Banff National Park of Canada David Poll, Species at Risk Coordinator, Western Canada Service Center, Calgary Dwayne A.W. Lepitzki, Wildlife Systems Research, Banff Ian Syme, Chief Park Warden, Banff National Park of Canada Lynn Barrett, Operations Manager, Banff Upper Hot Springs, Banff National Park of Canada Mary Dalman, Communications Officer, Banff National Park of Canada Rob Harding, Heritage Programs Manager, Banff National Park of Canada Stephen Anderson, Park Warden Operations, Banff National Park of Canada Steve Malins, Historic Sites Supervisor, Banff National Park of Canada Walter Guest, Program Manager, Public Works and Government Services, Calgary ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Brenda Lepitzki provided excellent field assistance for the collection of data on which this plan is based. Dave Dalman, Dave Hunter, and Joanne Cairns were instrumental in initiating research on the Banff Springs Snail in 1996, which has since continued under the direction of Charlie Pacas, Aquatic Specialist for BNP. The assistance and participation of Parks Canada maintenance personnel, Protection Operations staff, Communication Specialists, and staff at the C&BNHS is gratefully acknowledged. Funding for the Banff Springs Snail Research and Recovery Program has been provided by Parks Canada (Aquatics Section of BNP, Parks Canada Species at Risk Fund, and the Hot Springs Enterprise Unit), the Endangered Species Recovery Fund (sponsored by World Wildlife Fund - Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service, and the Canadian Millennium Partnership Program), the Friends of Banff National Park, and the Bow Valley Naturalists. Comments on earlier drafts of the Banff National Park approved Resource Management Plan (RMP), on which this National Recovery Plan is based, were provided by Peter Achuff, Christine Aikens, Theresa Aniskowicz-Fowler, Lynn Barrett, Danielle Bellefleur, Dave Dalman, Rex Delay, Doug Eastcott, Leah de Forest, Bill Fisher, Ken Fisher, Carolyn Fysh, Steve Grasby, Walter Guest, Rob Harding, Dennis Herman, Bill Hunt, Steve Malins, Ann Morrow, David Poll, Kent Prior, Don Rivard, Mary i Recovery Strategy and Action Plan for the Banff Springs Snail (Physella johnsoni) in Canada February 2007 Rothfels, Gilles Seutin, Ian Syme, Ron Tessolini, Lisa Twolan, and Cliff White, and four anonymous reviewers. Jessica Penno compiled and formatted an earlier draft of this document; Holly Bickerton edited and compiled the first drafts of the Recovery Strategy and Action Plan. David Poll, ensured that it is SARA-compliant. Katherine Cumming and Kristy Forrestall completed the Strategic Environmental Assessment. Alison Buckingham completed the critical habitat maps. Lindsay Rodger, Marie- Josée Laberge, Maryse Mahy, Richard Pither, Kent Prior, and David Poll undertook national program review. ii Recovery Strategy and Action Plan for the Banff Springs Snail (Physella johnsoni) in Canada February 2007 STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT STATEMENT A strategic environmental assessment (SEA) is conducted on all SARA recovery planning documents, in accordance with the Cabinet Directive on the Environmental Assessment of Policy, Plan, and Program Proposals. The purpose of a SEA is to incorporate environmental considerations into the development of public policies, plans, and program proposals to support environmentally sound decision-making. Recovery planning is intended to benefit species at risk and biodiversity in general. However, it is recognized that recovery strategies and action plans may also inadvertently lead to environmental effects beyond the intended benefits. The planning process based on national guidelines directly incorporates consideration of all environmental effects, with a particular focus on possible impacts on non-target species or habitats. The results of the SEA are summarized below. While this Banff Springs Snail Recovery and Action Plan will clearly benefit the environment by promoting the recovery of the Banff Springs Snail, several potentially adverse effects were also considered. The potential for recovery actions to inadvertently lead to adverse effects on other species was considered. Recent surveys have shown that the Sulphur Mountain thermal springs in BNP harbour high numbers of rare species among several taxa. In addition to the Banff Springs Snail, survey work found two rare damselflies, 28 rare mosses (including one new provincial record), six rare liverworts, eight rare plants, and three rare amphibians. It was determined that actions requiring the physical alteration of hot springs have the potential to adversely affect the mosses, liverworts and plants through direct physical damage to them or the substrates they require to grow. Water flow changes as a result of such physical alterations could leave mosses and liverworts submerged or result in them drying out. Water flow changes resulting in a reduction of cooler free-flowing water could lead to a reduction in damselfly larval habitat. In addition, the development of policies to address population lows, including such potential activities as supplemental