DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through “File info” CorrectionKey=NL-B Module 27 World War II Essential Question How did World War II impact the lives of Americans and the nation’s role in the world? About the Photo: The D-Day invasion at In this module you will read about U.S. involvement in World War II. You Normandy, France, was one of the most will also learn about how this involvement changed the society and successful Allied invasions of the war. economy of the United States. What You Will Learn … Explore ONLINE! Lesson 1: The War Begins . 830 The Big Idea The rise of aggressive totalitarian governments led to VIDEOS, including... the start of World War II. • D-Day Invasion of Europe Lesson 2: The Home Front . 837 • Winston Churchill The Big Idea American involvement in World War II helped the U.S. economy and changed the lives of many Americans. • U.S. Victory at the Battle of Midway Lesson 3: War in Europe and North Africa . 843 The Big Idea After fi erce fi ghting in North Africa and Europe, the Allies stopped the German advance and slowly began driving back German forces. Lesson 4: War in the Pacifi c . 849 Document-Based Investigations The Big Idea Allied forces reversed Japan’s expansion in the Pacifi c and battled toward the main Japanese islands. Graphic Organizers Lesson 5: Victory and Consequences . 855 Interactive Games The Big Idea The Allies won World War II, the most devastating war in world history. Interactive Map: World War II in Europe, 1942–1945 Interactive Map: War in the Pacific, 1942–1945 Image with Hotspots: Navaho Code Talkers 826 Module 27 DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through “File info” CorrectionKey=NL-B Timeline of Events 1935–1950 Explore ONLINE! United States World 1935 1938 Orson Welles broadcasts “War of the Worlds.” 1940 Alan Turing devises a way to break the code of the German Enigma machine. 1941 On December 7, the Japanese attack the U.S. fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. 1942 German submarines begin attacking the United States. 1943 Mussolini is overthrown and executed in Italy. 1944 U.S. forces participate 1944 The Allies enter Paris. in the D-Day invasion. 1945 The United States drops 1945 Hideki Tojo, prime atomic bombs on Hiroshima minister of Japan, attempts and Nagasaki, Japan. suicide after atomic bombs are dropped on Japan. 1950 World War II 827 DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through “File info” CorrectionKey=NL-B Reading Social Studies THEME FOCUS: Geography, Society and Culture In this module you will read about the causes and consequences of World War II. You will learn about how geography played an important role in the fighting of the war. You will also read about how society and culture reacted to the Second World War. READING FOCUS: Categorize Have you ever read a schoolbook and been overwhelmed by the amount of information it contained? Categorizing events, people, and ideas can help you make sense of the facts you learn in this book. Understand Categorizing Ideas, people, events, and things can all be categorized in many different ways. For the study of history, some of the most useful ways are by time period and by similarity between events. Categorizing events by the people involved can also be helpful. Within a category, you can make subcategories to further organize the information. People Involved in WWII Events of WWII • Winston Churchill • Key battles • Franklin D. Roosevelt • Treaties • Adolf Hitler • Invasions • Benito Mussolini • Hideki Tojo • Soldiers Invasions • Civilians • China • Rhineland • Czechoslovakia • Poland • Dunkirk • French Indochina • D-Day 828 Module 27 DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through “File info” CorrectionKey=NL-B You Try It! Key Terms and People Lesson 1 totalitarianism The following passage is from the module you are getting Benito Mussolini ready to read. As you read the passage, look for ways to fascism organize the information. Adolf Hitler Nazis Joseph Stalin Japan Advances Axis Powers American and Filipino forces appeasement under the command of American general Winston Churchill Douglas MacArthur could not stop Japan’s advance Allied Powers in the Philippines. MacArthur left the islands in Lend-Lease Act March 1942, vowing to return. More than 70,000 Pearl Harbor American and Filipino soldiers surrendered to the Lesson 2 War Production Board Japanese. The atrocities that followed were clear A. Philip Randolph violations of human rights. The exhausted soldiers Tuskegee Airmen were forced to march 63 miles up the Bataan Benjamin O. Davis Jr. Peninsula to prison camps. Many prisoners were zoot-suit riots starved and beaten by Japanese soldiers. More than internment Lesson 3 600 Americans and about 10,000 Filipinos died in Battle of El Alamein the Bataan Death March. Dwight D. Eisenhower Battle of Stalingrad D-Day After you read the passage, answer the following Lesson 4 questions. Douglas MacArthur Bataan Death March 1. What are two categories you could use to organize Chester Nimitz the information in this passage? Battle of the Coral Sea 2. How many different kinds of people are mentioned Battle of Midway island hopping in this passage? Battle of Leyte Gulf 3. What different places are mentioned in this passage? kamikaze 4. Complete the chart below using the information Lesson 5 from the passage above. Battle of the Bulge Harry S. Truman Holocaust People Countries Places genocide involved involved mentioned Manhattan Project atomic bomb As you read Module 27, remember to look for catego- ries that can help you organize the information you read. World War II 829 DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through “File info” CorrectionKey=NL-A Lesson 1 The War Begins If YOU were there . The Big Idea The year is 1933, and your family is struggling through the Great Depression along with millions of others. The rise of aggressive totalitarian governments led to the start of Sometimes your parents wonder if they should have left World War II. Italy to come to the United States. But conditions in Italy are far from ideal. A dictator rules the country, and the Main Ideas people have little personal freedom. ■■ During the 1930s, totalitarian governments rose to power in What would you say Europe and Japan. to your parents? ■■ German expansion led to the start of World War II in Europe The Rise of Totalitarianism in 1939. Desperate to end the hard times, many people were willing ■■ The United States joined the to give up their individual rights to leaders who promised war after Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941. to deliver prosperity and national glory. As a result, in the 1920s and 1930s, several European countries moved toward Key Terms and People totalitarianism, a political system in which the government totalitarianism controls every aspect of citizens’ lives. These governments were Benito Mussolini inspired by militant nationalism to expand their territory and fascism power. Adolf Hitler Nazis Italy In the years after World War I, the people of Italy Joseph Stalin suffered through economic depression, unemployment, Axis Powers strikes, and riots. Many Italians looked for a strong leader appeasement who could bring stability to the country. They found such a Winston Churchill Allied Powers leader in Benito Mussolini, who gained complete control of Lend-Lease Act Italy in 1922. Mussolini’s rule was based on fascism, a ­political Pearl Harbor system in which the “state”—or government—is seen as more important than individuals. Fascist systems are typically militaristic and headed by a strong leader. Mussolini restored order to Italy and improved the economy through public works projects. But the fascist government violently crushed all opposition, destroying basic individual rights such as freedom of speech. In 1935 Mussolini tried to expand Italy’s territory by attacking the nation of Ethiopia, making it a colony. Haile Selassie, Ethiopia’s overthrown emperor, warned the world, “It is us today. It will be you tomorrow.” 830 Module 27 DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through “File info” CorrectionKey=NL-A Germany Germany was also suffering the effects of the global depression. In addition, many Germans were furious about the Treaty of Versailles, which forced Germany to make crippling reparation payments for its role in World War I. Politician, World War I veteran, and militant nationalist Adolf Hitler took advantage of public anger to gain power. A fiery speaker, he inspired huge audiences by vowing to restore Germany to prosperity and a position of international power. Hitler also offered Germans a scapegoat, or someone to blame for their problems. He accused intellectuals, Communists, and especially Jews of causing Germany’s defeat in World War I and its economic problems after the war. Only by ridding itself of Jews, Hitler declared, would Germany again rise to greatness. Hitler’s National Socialist Party, or Nazis, gained a large following. Hitler became chancellor in 1933 and quickly seized all government power. The Soviet Union Hitler spoke with fury of his hatred of communism. But he had something in common with the Communist ruler of the Soviet Union—both ruled as ruthless dictators. By 1928 Joseph Stalin had become dictator of the Soviet Union. In the 1930s Stalin terrorized those he saw as political enemies, killing or imprisoning millions of Soviet citizens. As one Soviet artist put it, “There isn’t a single thinking adult in this country who hasn’t thought that he might get shot.” The Third Reich Hitler gained much of his power through the use of propaganda. Films and photographs like the one shown here showed Hitler and the Nazi Party as the best leaders for Germany. The propaganda often ignored or lied about aspects Hitler wanted hidden from the public.