Chirundu Water Supply and Sanitation: Feasibility Report CRIDF Project name: Chirundu Water Supply and Sanitation CRIDF Project #: FP23-001 CRIDF Deliverable #: D02/OVI10 Version: Final Date: 9 June 2016 Quality Assurance Checklist In preparing this document CRIDF can confirm that it has followed CRIDF’s internal general procedures, including appropriate CRIDF generic scope of work and that it has undergone appropriate quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) procedures as detailed in CRIDF’s QA manual. Furthermore, CRIDF can confirm the applicable specific internal process and procedures have been followed including: CRIDF’s Cost Benefit Assessments (CBAs) guideline have been applied as appropriate; CRIDF’s Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) guidelines have been applied as appropriate; CRIDF’s Climate vulnerability mapping methodology has been applied as appropriate; CRIDF’s Climate Change Risk Assessment (CCRA) protocol have been applied as appropriate; CRIDF’s Procurement guidelines have been followed as appropriate; CRIDF’s Screens as appropriate. Lead Stuart Seath CRIDF Stuart Seath CRIDF Tinashe CRIDF Charles Reeve Author(s) QA’d: QC’d: Mutoredzanwa Approved: Date: Date: Date: Date: 9/6/2016 9/06.2016 9/6/2016 12/06/2016 Disclaimer The British Government’s Department for International Development (DFID) financed this work as part of the United Kingdom’s aid programme. However, the views and recommendations contained in this report are those of the consultant, and DFID is not responsible for, or bound by the recommendations made. Chirundu WSS Feasibility Report Page 2 of 209 Contents List of Acronyms .......................................................................................................................................... 10 Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 13 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 18 Project Location ........................................................................................................................................ 19 Social Assessment ....................................................................................................................................... 20 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 20 Project Area Description.............................................................................................................................. 20 Project Area Settlement Pattern .................................................................................................................. 21 Land Tenure System and Ownership .......................................................................................................... 21 Employment and Income Generating Opportunities ................................................................................... 22 Infrastructure and Social Services .............................................................................................................. 22 Existing Water Supply and Sanitation ......................................................................................................... 23 Perceptions of Existing Water Supply Facilities and Services .................................................................... 26 Perceptions of Existing Sanitation Facilities and Services .......................................................................... 27 Public Perceptions of the Proposed Interventions ...................................................................................... 28 Socio-Economic Impacts of the Proposed Project ...................................................................................... 30 Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) ............................................................................................. 31 Community Engagement for the Proposed Project ..................................................................................... 39 Population ........................................................................................................................................ 40 Technical Assessment ................................................................................................................................. 42 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 42 Existing Water Supply and Sanitation Infrastructure ................................................................................... 42 Water Demand ........................................................................................................................................ 44 Water Resources Assessment .................................................................................................................... 46 Water Supply System design ...................................................................................................................... 55 Sewerage and Sanitation Design ................................................................................................................ 64 Climate Change Risk Assessment (CCRA) ................................................................................................ 67 Climate Vulnerability Mapping and Tool Indicators ..................................................................................... 67 Chirundu WSS Feasibility Report Page 3 of 209 Implementation Costs .................................................................................................................................. 73 Conclusions and recommendations ............................................................................................................ 78 Environmental Assessment ........................................................................................................................ 79 The Surrounding Community ...................................................................................................................... 79 The Water Supply Infrastructure ................................................................................................................. 79 The Sanitation Infrastructure ....................................................................................................................... 81 The Biological and Geophysical Environment ............................................................................................ 81 The Applicable Policy Framework and Legislation ..................................................................................... 89 The Institutional and Regulatory Framework .............................................................................................. 91 The Regulatory and Legislative Framework................................................................................................ 93 Identification of Potential Environmental and Social Impacts ................................................................... 100 Mitigation for Negative Impacts ................................................................................................................. 103 Impact Assessment Matrix ........................................................................................................................ 105 Challenges and Anticipated Impacts ......................................................................................................... 118 Recommendations .................................................................................................................................... 119 Financial and Economic Assessment ...................................................................................................... 122 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 122 Methodology ...................................................................................................................................... 122 Key CBA Assumptions .............................................................................................................................. 123 Options Appraisal ...................................................................................................................................... 126 Financial Appraisal .................................................................................................................................... 128 Economic Appraisal ................................................................................................................................... 136 Sustainability Analysis ............................................................................................................................... 148 Conclusions and Recommendations ......................................................................................................... 149 Institutional Assessment ........................................................................................................................... 150 Introduction .....................................................................................................................................