University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Insecta Mundi Florida 6-15-2012 Millipeds from the eastern Dakotas and western Minnesota, USA, with an account of Pseudopolydesmus serratus (Say, 1821) (Polydesmida: Polydesmidae); first published ecorr ds from six states and the District of Columbia Rowland M. Shelley North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences, [email protected] Bruce A. Snyder Kansas State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi Part of the Entomology Commons Shelley, Rowland M. and Snyder, Bruce A., "Millipeds from the eastern Dakotas and western Minnesota, USA, with an account of Pseudopolydesmus serratus (Say, 1821) (Polydesmida: Polydesmidae); first published records from six states and the District of Columbia" (2012). Insecta Mundi. 752. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/752 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. INSECTA MUNDI A Journal of World Insect Systematics 0239 Millipeds from the eastern Dakotas and western Minnesota, USA, with an account of Pseudopolydesmus serratus (Say, 1821) (Polydesmida: Polydesmidae); first published records from six states and the District of Columbia Rowland M. Shelley Research Laboratory North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences MSC #1626 Raleigh, NC 27699-1626 USA Bruce A. Snyder Division of Biology Kansas State University Manhattan, KS 66506-4901 USA Date of Issue: June 15, 2012 CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, INC., Gainesville, FL Rowland M. Shelley and Bruce A. Snyder Millipeds from the eastern Dakotas and western Minnesota, USA, with an account of Pseudopolydesmus serratus (Say, 1821) (Polydesmida: Polydesmidae); first published records from six states and the District of Columbia Insecta Mundi 0239: 1-17 Published in 2012 by Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc. P. O. Box 141874 Gainesville, FL 32614-1874 USA http://www.centerforsystematicentomology.org/ Insecta Mundi is a journal primarily devoted to insect systematics, but articles can be published on any non-marine arthropod. Topics considered for publication include systematics, taxonomy, nomencla- ture, checklists, faunal works, and natural history. Insecta Mundi will not consider works in the applied sciences (i.e. medical entomology, pest control research, etc.), and no longer publishes book re- views or editorials. 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Florida Center for Library Automation: http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/insectamundi University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Digital Commons: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/ Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main: http://edocs.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/volltexte/2010/14363/ Author instructions available on the Insecta Mundi page at: http://www.centerforsystematicentomology.org/insectamundi/ Copyright held by the author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons, Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduc- tion in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/3.0/ 0239: 1-17 2012 Millipeds from the eastern Dakotas and western Minnesota, USA, with an account of Pseudopolydesmus serratus (Say, 1821) (Polydesmida: Polydesmidae); first published records from six states and the District of Columbia Rowland M. Shelley Research Laboratory North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences MSC #1626 Raleigh, NC 27699-1626 USA [email protected] Bruce A. Snyder Division of Biology Kansas State University Manhattan, KS 66506-4901 USA [email protected] Abstract. The diplopod orders Callipodida and Polydesmida, and their respective families Abacionidae and Xystodesmidae, are initially recorded from South Dakota as is Polydesmidae from North Dakota. Other new records of indigenous taxa include Abacion Rafinesque, 1820/A. texense (Loomis, 1937) and Pleuroloma/P. flavipes, both by Rafinesque, 1820, from South Dakota, and Pseudopolydesmus Attems, 1898/P. serratus (Say, 1821) from Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, New Hampshire, North Dakota, South Carolina, and the District of Columbia. New records of Aniulus garius Chamberlin, 1912, A. (Hakiulus) d. diversifrons (Wood, 1867), and Oriulus venustus (Wood, 1864) (Julida: Parajulidae) are provided for western Minnesota and/or eastern North Dakota. Published records from these states are summarized, and the introduced taxa, Julidae/Cylindroiulus Verhoeff, 1894/C. caeruleocinctus (Wood, 1864) and Paradoxosomatidae/Oxidus Cook, 1911/O. gracilis (C. L. Koch, 1847), are newly recorded from the Dakotas. The distribution of P. serratus, which extends from Maine to South Carolina and the Florida panhandle, west to Texas, and north to Fargo, North Dakota is described and discussed. This distribution exhibits a prominent southeastern lacuna which we hypothesize suggests replacement by younger, more successful species, as postulated for a similar distribu- tional gap in Scytonotus granulatus (Say, 1821). Keywords. Cass County, diplopod, distribution, Fargo, lacuna, North Dakota, South Dakota, Plains, Pleuroloma flavipes. Introduction The most poorly known diplopod faunas in the 50 United States (US/USA), including Alaska and Hawaii, are those of North and South Dakota. Aside from the forested Black Hills in southwestern South Dakota, no investigations have been conducted in these states, so records from other regions represent incidental samples taken by non-specialists. The states’ locations in the northern Plains, with predominantly grassland ecosystems, dry, hot summers, and harsh winters, militate against diverse, indigenous faunas because millipeds primarily inhabit moist deciduous leaf litter in warmer climates. Based on known distributions, little besides the Parajulidae (order Julida) is anticipated in most of the Dakotas, and the three widespread representatives of Aniulini [Aniulus garius Chamberlin, 1912; A. (Hakiulus) d. diversifrons (Wood, 1867); and Oriulus venustus (Wood, 1864)] plus the subboreal Underwoodia iuloides (Harger, 1872) (Chordeumatida: Caseyidae) are either known from, or expected in, one or both states (Gardner and Shelley 1989; Hoffman 1999; Shelley 1993, 2000a, 2001a, 2002a; McAllister et al. 2009). RMS and associates have investigated the Black Hills and found a depauperate fauna despite favorable habitat, but the states’ eastern and southeastern peripheries, particularly that of South Dakota, contain a number of rivers and forested patches that conceivably harbor additional taxa. The occurrence of Pleuroloma flavipes Rafinesque, 1820 (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae) near Fargo, Cass 1 2 • INSECTA MUNDI 0239, June 2012 SHELLEY AND SNYDER County (Co.), North Dakota (Shelley 1980, Hoffman 1999, Shelley et al. 2003), coupled with known localities of it and other species in adjoining parts of Iowa, Minnesota, and Nebraska, suggest that targeted sampling in the eastern Dakotas could yield additional orders and families. Polydesmida, the largest and most speciose diplopod order, is unknown from South Dakota, but P. flavipes surely inhabits the eastern periphery (Shelley 1980, Shelley et al. 2003) and the moist southeastern corner, which ex- tends between the Missouri and Big Sioux rivers. This region logically also harbors Apheloria virginiensis (Drury, 1770) (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae) as well as Narceus americanus (Beauvois, 1817)