Competence Analysis: National Minorities as a Standortfaktor in the German-Danish Border Region “Working with each other, for each other” December 2007 This report was written by the European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Institute for Mino- rity Rights (IMR) and Institute for Regional Development and Location Management (IRDELM) in collaboration with the European Institute of Public Administration (EIPA), Antenna Barcelona on behalf of the Landtag Schleswig-Holstein. Project leader: Dr. Tove Malloy (IMR) Project members: Mag. Alice Engl M.E.S. (IMR), Dr. Alexander Heichlinger (EIPA), Veronika Hopfgartner (IMR), Prof. Dr. Harald Pechlaner (IRDELM), Dr. Eva Teglas (IRDELM), Mag. Karina Zabielska LL.M. (IMR). Collaborators: Dr. Gabriel N. Toggenburg (IMR), Dr. Günther Rautz (IMR), Mag. Verena Wisthaler (IMR). Copyright © 2007: The authors and the contractor. Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................... 1 I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 5 II. CULTURE AND IDENTITY OF THE GERMAN-DANISH BORDER REGION ........ 8 III. NATIONAL MINORITIES AS A STANDORTFAKTOR ........................................... 11 A. The Contribution to Society .......................................................................................... 11 1. National Minority Competencies ....................................................................... 12 1.1 Political Participation .............................................................................. 13 1.2 Cultural Contribution ............................................................................. 14 1.3 Educational sector ................................................................................... 18 1.4 Social Services Sector............................................................................... 21 1.5 Economic Sector ..................................................................................... 23 2. National Minority Cross-Border and Transnational co-operation ...................... 26 2.1 Political co-operation ............................................................................. 27 2.2 Cultural co-operation .............................................................................. 28 2.3 Co-operation in the Area of Education ................................................... 33 2.4 Economic co-operation ........................................................................... 33 2.5 European co-operation ............................................................................ 34 3. Tourism and National Minority Heritage .......................................................... 36 3.1 Theoretical Background of the Study ....................................................... 37 3.2 Methodology .......................................................................................... 37 3.3 Results of the Studies .............................................................................. 37 3.4 Outlook .................................................................................................. 40 B. Intercultural Dialogue .................................................................................................. 40 4. The Significance of Unique National Minority Profiles ........................................ 42 5. The Institutional Framework for Dialogue ........................................................... 43 6. Living Out Intercultural Dialogue ....................................................................... 46 6.1 Political Dialogue .................................................................................... 46 6.2 Historic Reconciliation ........................................................................... 47 6.3 Youth ...................................................................................................... 48 6.4 Multilingualism ...................................................................................... 49 6.5 Culture and Heritage .............................................................................. 49 6.6 Socioeconomic Dialogue ......................................................................... 50 6.7 Assessing the Informal Dialogue .............................................................. 50 C. Conclusions .................................................................................................................. 51 C.1 Assets ................................................................................................................ 52 C.2 Actions ............................................................................................................. 53 C.3 Attitudes ........................................................................................................... 54 C.4 Assessing the competencies ............................................................................... 55 III IV. NATIONAL MINORITIES AND BORDER REGION DEVELOPMENT ...................... 57 A. Trends and Strategies in the German-Danish Border Region ......................................... 58 7. Political Frameworks for German-Danish Border co-operation ......................... 59 7.1 Schleswig-Holstein and Region Syddanmark ........................................... 59 7.2 Region Sønderjylland-Schleswig ............................................................. 61 8. National Minorities and Ongoing Border Region Development Strategies .......... 63 8.1 The Monitor Group Cluster Study (2004) .............................................. 63 8.2 The Cross-Border Economic Development Strategy for the Sønderjylland-Schleswig Region (2005) ........................................................ 64 8.3 Final Report of Danish-German Committee for the Promotion Of Cross-Border Mobility (2006) ....................................................................... 65 B. National Minority Stakeholder co-operation ................................................................. 66 9. Co-operation between Stakeholder Institutions with National Minority Know-How ............................................................................................................. 66 9.1 Public Administration ............................................................................. 68 9.2 University Programs ................................................................................ 68 9.3 Research Institutes .................................................................................. 69 9.4 Formal Education ................................................................................... 71 9.5 Border Region Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) ...................... 72 9.6 Specialized Institutions ............................................................................ 73 9.7 National Minority Media ........................................................................ 74 9.8 International Networks ........................................................................... 75 9.9 Assessment of Stakeholder Institution co-operation ................................. 75 10. Potentials for Broadened co-operation between National Minorities and Stakeholder Institutions ........................................................................................... 76 10.1 The purposes of clustering ..................................................................... 76 10.2 The Design of Clustering ...................................................................... 77 10.3 The “Products” of Clustering ................................................................. 80 10.4 The Competition to National Minority Clustering ................................ 80 10.5 The Potentials for Clustering in the German-Danish Border Region ..... 81 10.6 A German-Danish “National Minority Cluster”? .................................. 81 C. Conclusions .................................................................................................................. 82 C.1 Economic Strategies .......................................................................................... 82 C.2 National Minority Strategies ............................................................................. 83 C.3 Majority-National Minority Strategies .............................................................. 83 C.4 Regional Profiles ............................................................................................... 84 V. RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................................................. 85 APPENDICES .................................................................................................................. 91 A. Methodology ................................................................................................................. 91 B. EU Policies and Funding Programs ................................................................................ 93 C. List of Interview Partners and Information Providers .................................................. 102 D.+E. Questionnaires ...................................................................................................... 105 BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................... 110 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The four national minorities in the German-Danish border region, the Danish minority, the North Frisi-