Red Hat Linux 7.0 The Official Red Hat Linux Reference Guide ISBN: 1-58569-020-1 Red Hat, Inc. 2600 Meridian Parkway Durham NC 27713 US 919-547-0012 1-888-733-4281 919-547-0024 [email protected] 13588 Research Triangle Park NC 27709 © 2000 Red Hat, Inc. RefGuide(EN)-7.0-Print-RHI (2000-07-31T12:19-0400) Red Hat is a registered trademark and the Red Hat Shadow Man logo, RPM, the RPM logo, and Glint are trademarks of Red Hat, Inc. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. Motif and UNIX are registered trademarks of The Open Group. Alpha is a trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation. SPARC is a registered trademark of SPARC International, Inc. Products bearing the SPARC trademark are based on an architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. Netscape is a registered trademark of Netscape Communications Corporation in the United States and other countries. TrueType is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. 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Printed in the United States, Ireland, and Japan ii Contents Red Hat Linux 7.0 Introduction ................................................................................... xi Welcome.................................................................................... xi Getting the Documentation That’s Right for You........................................ xi More to Come .............................................................................. xv Sign Up for Support........................................................................ xv Part I System-Related Reference ............................................. 17 Chapter 1 Red Hat Linux 7.0 New Features .......................... 19 1.1 Installation-related Enhancements ............................................. 19 1.2 System-Related New Features.................................................. 19 Chapter 2 System Administration .......................................... 21 2.1 Filesystem Structure ............................................................. 21 2.2 Special Red Hat File Locations ................................................. 25 2.3 Users, Groups and User-Private Groups ...................................... 26 2.4 Configuring Console Access .................................................... 30 2.5 The floppy Group ................................................................. 34 2.6 User Authentication with PAM................................................... 34 2.7 Shadow Utilities................................................................... 39 2.8 Building a Custom Kernel........................................................ 40 2.9 Sendmail .......................................................................... 46 2.10 Controlling Access to Services.................................................. 48 2.11 Anonymous FTP.................................................................. 51 2.12 NFS Configuration................................................................ 51 2.13 The Boot Process, Init, and Shutdown ......................................... 53 2.14 Rescue Mode ..................................................................... 69 Chapter 3 System Configuration............................................ 75 iii 3.1 System Configuration with linuxconf............................................ 75 3.2 System Configuration with the Control Panel.................................. 109 Chapter 4 PowerTools.............................................................. 127 4.1 PowerTools Packages............................................................ 127 Chapter 5 Package Management with RPM .......................... 131 5.1 RPM Design Goals ............................................................... 131 5.2 Using RPM ........................................................................ 133 5.3 Impressing Your Friends with RPM ............................................. 139 5.4 Other RPM Resources ........................................................... 143 Chapter 6 Gnome-RPM ............................................................ 145 6.1 Starting Gnome-RPM ............................................................ 147 6.2 The Package Display............................................................. 148 6.3 Installing New Packages......................................................... 150 6.4 Configuration...................................................................... 153 6.5 Package Manipulation............................................................ 159 Chapter 7 Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP). 167 7.1 What is LDAP?.................................................................... 167 7.2 Pros and Cons of LDAP ......................................................... 168 7.3 UsesforLDAP.................................................................... 168 7.4 LDAP Terminology................................................................ 169 7.5 OpenLDAP Files .................................................................. 169 7.6 OpenLDAP Daemons and Utilities.............................................. 171 7.7 Modules for Adding Extra Functionality to LDAP.............................. 171 7.8 LDAP How To: A Quick Overview............................................... 172 7.9 Configuring Your System to Authenticate Using OpenLDAP................. 173 7.10 LDAP Resources on the Web ................................................... 176 Chapter 8 Using Kerberos 5 on Red Hat Linux .................... 179 8.1 Why Use Kerberos? .............................................................. 179 iv 8.2 Why Not Use Kerberos? ......................................................... 179 8.3 Kerberos Terminology............................................................ 180 8.4 How Kerberos Works............................................................. 181 8.5 Setting Up a Kerberos 5 Server on Red Hat Linux 7.0 ....................... 183 8.6 Setting Up a Kerberos 5 Client on Red Hat Linux 7.0 ........................ 186 8.7 Kerberos and Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM) ..................... 187 8.8 Sources of Information about Kerberos ........................................ 187 Chapter 9 Credit Card Verification System (CCVS) Basics 189 9.1 The Credit Card Verification Process........................................... 191 9.2 What You’ll Need to Run CCVS................................................. 192 9.3 Installing CCVS ................................................................... 195 9.4 Before You Configure CCVS .................................................... 195 9.5 Configuring CCVS................................................................ 196 9.6 Multiple Merchant Accounts ..................................................... 202 9.7 Starting CCVS .................................................................... 202 9.8 Special Language Considerations .............................................. 204 9.9 Support for CCVS ................................................................ 204 Part II Secure Web Server-Related Reference......................... 205 Chapter 10 Installing the Red Hat Linux Secure Web Server .......................................................................... 207 10.1 Introduction........................................................................ 207 10.2 Acknowledgments ................................................................ 208 10.3 Installation Overview ............................................................. 208 10.4 Choose Which Packages to Install ............................................. 210 10.5 Installing the Red Hat Linux Secure Web Server During the Installation of Red Hat Linux..................................................................... 212 10.6 Upgrading from a Previous Version of Apache ................................ 213 10.7 Upgrading from a Previous Version of Red Hat Linux ........................ 215 10.8 Installing the Secure Server After Installation of Red Hat Linux............. 217 10.9 Finding Help and Documentation ............................................... 219 v 10.10 How to Uninstall the Red Hat Linux Secure Web Server..................... 220 Chapter 11 Obtaining a Certificate for your Secure Server .. 221 11.1 Using Pre-existing Keys and Certificates ...................................... 222 11.2 A General Overview of Web Server Security .................................. 224 11.3 Types of Certificates.............................................................. 224 11.4 Deciding on a Certificate Authority ............................................. 226 11.5 Proving Your Organization’s Identity to a CA .................................. 227 11.6 Generating a Key ................................................................. 229 11.7 Generating a Certificate