Mapping Skills ©2017LearnedLessons Geography • Mapsà Flat representation of the earth • Globeà round representation of the earth, truer representation • Types of Maps & Uses • General Purpose Mapsà show a wide range of information about an area • Special Purpose Mapsà emphasize a single idea about an area • Physical Mapà Shows physical features on the earth’s surface • Political Mapà shows the boundaries of countries, continents, states ©2017LearnedLessons Geography • Mapsà Flat representation of the earth • Globeà round representation of the earth, truer representation ©2017LearnedLessons Types of Maps & Uses • General Purpose Mapsà show a wide range of information about an area • Special Purpose Mapsà emphasize a single idea about an area • Physical Mapà Shows physical features on the earth’s surface • Political Mapà shows the boundaries of countries, continents, states ©2017LearnedLessons Maps ©2017LearnedLessons Map Elements • Map Symbolsà colors, lines, shapes, & symbols that represent information on a map • Map Scaleà measurement on a map that shows distance between points • Map Key/Legendà Explanation of the symbols on a map • Compass Roseà Directional marker on a map • Cardinal Directionsà North, South, East, West • Intermediate Directionsà Northeast, Northwest, Southeast, Southwest ©2017LearnedLessons Points of Interest • Latitudeà Measures distances North and South of Equator, run east to west, called parallels • Longitudeà Measures distances East and West of Prime Meridian, run vertically from pole to pole, called Meridians ©2017LearnedLessons • Tropic of Cancerà imaginary line of latitude located at 23 ½ degrees North • Equatorà Imaginary line of latitude that divides the world between the Northern & Southern Hemispheres • Prime Meridianà 0 degrees longitude, imaginary line that passes through Greenwich, England. • Tropic of Capricornà Imaginary line of latitude located at 23 ½ degrees South ©2017LearnedLessons • North Poleà Northernmost point on the earth, 90 degrees north • South Poleà Southernmost point on the earth, 90 degrees south • Arctic Circleà northern section of five major circles of latitude • Antarctic Circleà southern section of five major circles of latitude ©2017LearnedLessons • Northern Hemisphereà north of equator • Southern Hemisphereà south of equator • Western Hemisphereà west of prime meridian & east of 180th meridian • Eastern Hemisphereà east of the prime meridian and west of the 180th meridian ©2017LearnedLessons Time Zones • Each zone represents 15 degrees longitude • Moving East ADD one hour • Moving West SUBTACT one hour • International Date Lineà Line of longitude located at 180 degrees, located in Pacific Ocean. • World (24 zones) • United States (4 zones) ©2017LearnedLessons Five Themes of Geography • Locationà Absolute & Relative • Absolute Locationà latitude & longitude, street address, exact location • Relative Locationà described by landmarks, directions, time, or distance from one place to the other • Placeà physical & human Characteristics • Physicalà determined by nature, mountains, climate, rivers • Human-Environmental Interactionsà humans adapt to, modify, and depend on the environment • Movementà interaction through travel, trade, communication • Regionsà defined by common characteristics such as language, culture, religion, exports/imports ©2017LearnedLessons Climates • Climateà the long-term average weather conditions that occur in a particular region. • Based on the average temperature and precipitation. • Factors that affect climate • Latitude of a location—closer to equator = warmer climates • Location near water causes weather to be more constant. Water takes in heat and release heat as needed • Altitude of an areaà mountain areas, often rainy or snowy ©2017LearnedLessons.