ATP 4-31/MCRP 4-11.4A Recovery and Battle Damage Assessment and Repair (BDAR) August 2014 DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Headquarters, Department of the Army This publication is available at Army Knowledge Online (https://armypubs.us.army.mil/doctrine/index.html/ and https://www.doctrine.quantico.usmc.mil/). To receive publishing updates, please subscribe at http://www.apd.army.mil/AdminPubs/new_subscribe.asp or https://www.doctrine.quantico.usmc.mil/. ATP 4-31/MCRP 4-11.4A (FM 4-30.31) Army Techniques Publication Headquarters No. 4-31 Department of the Army Washington, DC Marine Corps Reference Publication Marine Corps No. 4-11.4A Quantico, VA 27 August 2014 Recovery and Battle Damage Assessment and Repair (BDAR) Contents Page PREFACE.............................................................................................................. vi INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. vii Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION TO RECOVERY AND BATTLE DAMAGE ASSESSMENT AND REPAIR ..................................................................................................... 1-1 Recovery............................................................................................................. 1-1 Battle Damage Assessment and Repair ............................................................ 1-2 Chapter 2 RIGGING ............................................................................................................ 2-1 Rigging Equipment ............................................................................................. 2-1 Resistance ........................................................................................................ 2-14 Mechanical Advantage ..................................................................................... 2-21 Determining Line Forces .................................................................................. 2-22 Rigging Techniques .......................................................................................... 2-26 Chapter 3 RECOVERY ....................................................................................................... 3-1 General Safety Precautions................................................................................ 3-1 Operator/Driver Safety ........................................................................................ 3-4 Recovery Procedures ......................................................................................... 3-5 Special Recovery Situations ............................................................................. 3-19 Self-Recovery and Like-Vehicle Recovery ....................................................... 3-24 Expedient Recovery Techniques ...................................................................... 3-32 Remobilizing Tracked Vehicles ........................................................................ 3-34 Installing A Track .............................................................................................. 3-36 Chapter 4 BATTLE DAMAGE ASSESSMENT AND REPAIR ........................................... 4-1 BDAR Introduction .............................................................................................. 4-1 Distribution Restriction: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. *This publication supersedes FM 4-30.31 dated 19 September 2006. i Contents Battle Damage Assessment ................................................................................ 4-3 Expedient Repairs .............................................................................................. 4-6 Special Operating Environments ...................................................................... 4-22 Appendix A MULTINATIONAL RECOVERY AND BDAR OPERATIONS .......................... A-1 Appendix B HAND AND ARM SIGNALS .............................................................................. B-1 Appendix C RECOVERY GUIDELINES FOR OPERATORS/LEADERS ............................. C-1 GLOSSARY .......................................................................................... Glossary-1 REFERENCES .................................................................................. References-1 INDEX ......................................................................................................... Index-1 Figures Figure 2-1. Block configurations ............................................................................................ 2-2 Figure 2-2. Block classifications ............................................................................................. 2-2 Figure 2-3. Multiple clevis snatch block rigging configurations .............................................. 2-3 Figure 2-4. Wire rope characteristics ..................................................................................... 2-4 Figure 2-5. Strand and wire arrangements ............................................................................ 2-4 Figure 2-6. Measuring rope diameter ..................................................................................... 2-5 Figure 2-7. Typical chain markings ........................................................................................ 2-6 Figure 2-8. Typical hoist or sling hook ................................................................................... 2-7 Figure 2-9. Typical anchor shackles ...................................................................................... 2-8 Figure 2-10. Typical chain shackles ....................................................................................... 2-8 Figure 2-11. Typical constant pull winch ................................................................................ 2-9 Figure 2-12. Typical variable pull winch ............................................................................... 2-10 Figure 2-13. Typical M88 variable pull main winch .............................................................. 2-10 Figure 2-14. Anchor symbol ................................................................................................. 2-11 Figure 2-15. Single vehicle anchor ...................................................................................... 2-11 Figure 2-16. Tandem vehicle anchor ................................................................................... 2-12 Figure 2-17. Typical Scotch anchor ..................................................................................... 2-12 Figure 2-18. Typical tree or rock anchors ............................................................................ 2-13 Figure 2-19. Typical log deadman ....................................................................................... 2-14 Figure 2-20. Grade resistance ............................................................................................. 2-15 Figure 2-21. Overturning resistance .................................................................................... 2-15 Figure 2-22. Mire resistance ................................................................................................ 2-16 Figure 2-23. Tackle resistance ............................................................................................. 2-16 Figure 2-24. Total load resistance ....................................................................................... 2-17 Figure 2-25. Resistance reducing ........................................................................................ 2-17 Figure 2-26. Power applied to tracks ................................................................................... 2-18 Figure 2-27. Recovery in opposite direction and power applied to tracks ........................... 2-18 Figure 2-28. First-Class Lever ............................................................................................. 2-20 Figure 2-29. Second-class Lever ......................................................................................... 2-20 ii ATP 4-31/MCRP 4-11.4A 27 August 2014 Contents Figure 2-30. Simple tackle system ....................................................................................... 2-21 Figure 2-31. Compound tackle system ................................................................................. 2-21 Figure 2-32. Mechanical advantage ..................................................................................... 2-22 Figure 2-33. Winch line(s) mechanical advantage (MA) ...................................................... 2-22 Figure 2-34. Terminology of simple tackle ........................................................................... 2-23 Figure 2-35. Fleet angle ....................................................................................................... 2-24 Figure 2-36. 4 to 1 MA, with two snatch blocks .................................................................... 2-26 Figure 2-37. Backup method of rigging ................................................................................ 2-27 Figure 2-38. Lead method of rigging .................................................................................... 2-28 Figure 2-39. Floating block ................................................................................................... 2-29 Figure 3-1. Unsafe areas during an angle pull ....................................................................... 3-2 Figure 3-2. Hook positions .....................................................................................................