Chapter 1-3 The farthest bright galaxies that modern telescopes are capable of seeing are up to 1. 1 million light years away 2. 10 million light years away 3. 1 billion light years away 4. 10 billion light years away 5. 1 trillion light years away Earth is made mostly of metals and rocks. Where did this material come from? 1. It was produced in the Big Bang. 2. It was created by chemical reactions in interstellar space. 3. It was produced by nuclear fusion in stars. 4. It was made by our Sun. 5. It was made by nuclear fission of uranium and other radioactive materials Suppose we look at a photograph of many galaxies. Assuming that all galaxies formed at about the same time, which galaxy in the picture is the youngest? 1. the one that is farthest away 2. the one that is reddest in color 3. the one that is bluest in color 4. the one that is closest to us 5. the one that appears smallest in size Our solar system is located in the center of the Milky Way Galaxy. 1. True 2. False Which of the following statements about the celestial equator is true at all latitudes? 1. It lies along the band of light we call the Milky Way. 2. It represents an extension of Earth's equator onto the celestial sphere. 3. It cuts the dome of your local sky exactly in half. 4. It extends from your horizon due east, through your zenith, to your horizon due west. 5. It extends from your horizon due north, through your zenith, to your horizon due south. If it is midnight in New York, it is 1. daytime in Sydney, Australia. 2. midnight in Sydney, Australia. 3. midnight in Los Angeles. 4. midday in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 5. midnight everywhere. Orion is visible on winter evenings but not summer evenings because of 1. interference from the full moon. 2. the tilt of Earth's axis. 3. the location of Earth in its orbit. 4. the precession of Earth's axis. 5. baseball on television. If the Moon is setting at 6 A.M., the phase of the Moon must be 1. first quarter. 2. third quarter. 3. full. 4. new. 5. waning crescent. At approximately what time would a full moon be on your meridian? 1. 6 A.M. 2. 9 A.M. 3. noon 4. 6 P.M. 5. midnight Which of the following statements about the Moon is true? 1. The Moon goes through a cycle of phases because it always has the same side facing Earth. 2. If you see a full Moon from North America, someone in South America would see a new moon. 3. The Moon's distance from Earth varies during its orbit. 4. The Moon is visible only at night. 5. The side of the Moon facing away from Earth is in perpetual darkness. What effect or effects would be most significant if the Moon's orbital plane were exactly the same as the ecliptic plane? 1. Solar eclipses would be much rarer. 2. Solar eclipses would be much more frequent. 3. Total solar eclipses would last much longer. 4. both 1 and 3 5. both 2 and 3 What happens during the apparent retrograde motion of a planet? 1. The planet rises in the west and sets in the east. 2. The planet appears to move eastward with respect to the stars over a period of many nights. 3. The planet moves backward through the sky. 4. The planet moves backward in its orbit around the Sun. 5. The planet moves through constellations that are not part of the zodiac. We can't detect stellar parallax with naked-eye observations. Which of the following would make parallax easier to observe? 1. increasing the size of Earth's orbit 2. speeding up Earth's orbital motion 3. slowing down Earth's orbital motion 4. Speeding up the precession of Earth's axis 5. getting away from streetlights Why did Ptolemy have the planets orbiting Earth on "circles upon circles" in his model of the universe? 1. to explain why more distant planets take longer to make a circuit through the constellations of the zodiac 2. to explain the fact that planets sometimes appear to move westward, rather than eastward, relative to the stars in our sky 3. to explain why the Greeks were unable to detect stellar parallax 4. To properly account for the varying distances of the planets from Earth 5. To explain why Venus goes through phases as seen from Earth He developed a system for predicting planetary positions that remained in use for some 1,500 years. 1. Tycho Brahe 2. Copernicus 3. Kepler 4. Galileo 5. Ptolemy He discovered that the orbits of planets are ellipses. 1. Tycho Brahe 2. Copernicus 3. Kepler 4. Galileo 5. Ptolemy One of the "nails in the coffin" for the Earth-centered universe was 1. the retrograde motion of the planets. 2. the phases of the Moon. 3. eclipses of the Sun. 4. Galileo's observation of stars in the Milky Way. 5. Galileo's observations of the moons of Jupiter..