6 FAO ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND HEALTH livestock country reviews POULTRY SECTOR Ghana Recommended Citation FAO. 2014. Poultry Sector Ghana. FAO Animal Production and Health Livestock Country Reviews. No. 6. Rome. Authors’ details Anthony Nsoh Akunzule is Deputy Director of the Veterinary Services Directorate of the Ministry of Food and Agriculture in Ghana, Accra. He obtained his Master of Professional Studies (Agriculture) from Cornell University, USA. His thesis for Doctor of Veterinary Medicine and Master of Veterinary Science at the Kharkov State Zooveterinary Academy was on the “Spread of Newcastle Disease on the Territory of the Republic of Ghana”. He is a member of the World Poultry Science Association and member of the International Family Poultry Network. He is also consultant for poultry production to the Ghana Micro Finance and Small Loans Centre and the Ghana Prison Service. The report was edited by Dr. Olaf Thieme. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. E-ISBN 978-92-5-108215-7 (PDF) © FAO, 2014 FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way. All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request or addressed to [email protected]. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications) and can be purchased through [email protected]. 6 FAO ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND HEALTH livestock country reviews POULTRY SECTOR Ghana FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2014 i Foreword The poultry sector continues to grow and industrialize in many parts of the world. An increasing human population, greater purchasing power and urbanization have been strong drivers of growth. Advances in breeding have given rise to birds that meet specialized purposes and are increasingly productive, but that need expert management. The development and transfer of feed, slaughter and processing technologies have increased safety and efficiency of poultry production, but favour large-scale units rather than small-scale producers. These developments have led the poultry industry and the associated feed industry to scale up rapidly, to concentrate themselves close to input sources or final markets, and to integrate vertically. One element of the structural change has been a move towards contract farming in the rearing phase of boiler production, allowing farmers with medium-sized flocks to gain access to advanced technology with a relatively low initial investment. A clear division is developing between industrialized production systems of large and medium size, feeding into integrated value chains, and extensive production systems supporting livelihoods and supplying local or niche markets. The primary role of the former is to supply cheap and safe food to populations distant from the source of supply, while the latter acts as a livelihood safety net, often as part of a diverse portfolio of income sources. Extensive small-scale, rural, family-based poultry systems continue to play a crucial role in sustaining livelihoods in developing countries, supplying poultry products in rural but also periurban and urban areas, and providing important support to women farmers. Small-scale poultry production will continue to offer opportunities for income generation and quality human nutrition as long as there is rural poverty. In order to develop appropriate strategies and options for poultry sector development, including disease prevention control measures, a better understanding is required of the different poultry production systems, their associated market chains, and the position of poultry within human societies. This review for Ghana is part of a series of Country Reviews commissioned by the Animal Production and Health Division (AGA). It is intended as a resource document for those seeking information about the poultry sector at a national level, and is not exhaustive. The report is an updated version of the report “The Structure and Importance of Commercial and Village Based Poultry in Ghana” that was prepared by Dr K.G. Aning in 2006 (ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/011/ai354e/ai354e00.pdf). The statistical data that are included from FAOSTAT are partly unofficial data or FAO estimated data. For details the reader is advised to consult the official FAOSTAT database at http://faostat.fao.org/. Some topics of the review are only partially covered or not covered at all and this document is subject to ongoing updating. The author and FAO/AGA1 welcome your contributions and feedback. 1For more information visit the FAO website at: http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/themes/en/poultry/home.html or contact either Philippe Ankers or Olaf Thieme, Animal Production Officers. Email: [email protected] and [email protected] Food and Agriculture Organisation, Animal Production and Health Division, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153Rome, Italy Version of 6th October 2013 ii Contents Foreword .................................................................................................................. i Acronyms and abbreviations ................................................................................... iv CHAPTER 1 The country in brief ..................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 2 Profile of the poultry sector ..................................................................................... 3 2.1 National poultry flock ......................................................................................... 3 2.2 Geographical distribution of poultry flocks ............................................................ 3 2.3 Production ........................................................................................................ 6 2.4 Consumption .................................................................................................... 7 2.5 Trade .............................................................................................................. 8 2.6 Prices ............................................................................................................ 11 CHAPTER 3 Poultry production systems ................................................................................... 14 3.1 Background information ................................................................................... 15 3.2 Sector 1: Industrial and integrated production .................................................... 17 3.3 Sectors 2 and 3: Other commercial production systems ....................................... 17 3.3.1 Breeding stocks and hatching eggs .......................................................... 18 3.3.2 Broiler production .................................................................................. 19 3.3.3 Hen eggs .............................................................................................. 20 3.3.4 Other species ........................................................................................ 21 3.4 Village or backyard production .......................................................................... 22 3.4.1 Chickens ............................................................................................... 22 3.4.2 Ducks ................................................................................................... 24 3.4.3 First Case Study: Small Scale Commercial Layer Production ........................ 25 3.4.4 Second Case Study: Women in Local Village Turkey Production ................... 26 3.4.5 Third Case Study: Guinea Fowl Production in Pungu ................................... 27 3.5 Poultry value chain analysis .............................................................................. 28 3.5.1 Day-old-chicks ...................................................................................... 29 3.5.2 Chicken meat ........................................................................................ 29 3.5.3 Table eggs ............................................................................................ 31 3.5.4 Other species ........................................................................................ 32 CHAPTER 4 Trade, marketing and markets ............................................................................... 34 4.1 Domestic market............................................................................................