,_ference Publication 3184 FY92 rth bctence and ,cations Program search Review (NASA-CP-3134) NASA/MSFC FY92 N93-20067 ........... EARTH SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS --THRU-- _..................-_ PROGRAM RESEARCH REVIEW (NASA) N93-20108 ..... Unclas .... 116 P .......................... HI/47 01411?0 NASA Conference Publication 3184 NASA/MSFC FY92 Earth Science and Applications Program Research Review Edited by J. E. Arnold and F. W. Leslie NASA George C. Marshall Space Flight Center Marshall Space Flight Center, Alabama Proceedings of a workshop held in Huntsville, Alabama July 7-9, 1992 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Office of Management Scientific and Technical Information Program 1993 o m L m TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Global Temperature Variations Roy W. Spencer ..................................................................... Global Rainfall Monitoring by SSM/I E. C. Barrett, C. Kidd, and D. Kniveton ........................................ Global Satellite Data Analysis John R. Christy and Roy W. Spencer ............................................ Interactive Access and Management for Four-Dimensional Environmental Data Sets Using MclDAS William L. Hibbard and Gregory J. Tripoli ..................................... 11 Planetary Circulations in the Presence of Transient and Self-Induced Heating 15 Murry L. Salby and Rolando R. Garcia .......................................... Cloud Radiative Forcing Effects on Observed and Simulated Global Energetics B. J. Sohn and Franklin Robertson .............................................. 17 Basic Studies of Baroclinic Flows T. L. Miller, F. W. Leslie, H.-I. Lu, and K. A. Butler ........................ 19 Laboratory and Theoretical Models of Planetary-Scale Instabilities and Waves John E. Hart ......................................................................... 21 Research on Diabatic Initialization Akira Kasahara ...................................................................... 25 Nonlinear Dynamics of Global Amaospheric and Earth System Processes 29 Barry Saltzman ...................................................................... Life Cycles of Transient Planetary Waves Terrence Nathan ..................................................................... 31 Global Water Cycle Franklin Robertson, Steve Goodman, John Christy, Dan Fitzjarrald, Shi-Hung Chou, William Crosson, Shouping Wang, and Jorge Ramirez ... 35 Coordinated Field Study for CAPE: Analysis of Energy and Water Budgets Steven Goodman, Claude Duchon, Ed Kanemasu, Eric Smith, Bill Crosson, Chip Laymon, and Jeff Luvall .................................................... 39 Ul p_OB_ING PPlIGE BLANK NOT FILleD TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Page Investigation of the Role of Thermal Boundary Layer Processes in Initiating Convection Under the NASA SPA_ Field Program Richard T. McNider, Aaron Song, Dan Casey, Bill Crosson, and Peter Wetzel ......................................................................... 41 AMPR/SSMI Data Comparisons Roy W. Spencer, Robbie Hood, Mark James, Eric Cantrel, Dave Simmons, John Jackson, and Frank LaFontaine ............................................ 43 WetNet: Using SSM/I Data Interactively for Global Distribution of Tropical Rainfall and Precipitable Water Edward J. Zipser and James P. McGuirk ........................................ 45 Improvement and Further Development of SMM/I Overland Parameter Algorithms Using the WetNet Workstation Christopher M.U. Neale, Jeffrey J. McDonnell, Douglas Ramsey, Lawrence Hipps, and David Tarboton ........................................................ 49 Climatic Variation of Storms Ted Fujita ............................................................................ 53 OLS Data System/Global Survey of Lightning Steven Goodman, Hugh Christian, Pat Wright, and Greg Scharfen ......... 57 Atmospheric Electricity/Meteorology Analysis Steven Goodman, Richard Blakeslee, and Dennis Buechler .................. 59 Electrification in Winter Storms and the Analysis of Thunderstorm Overflight Data Marx Brook ......................................................................... 61 ER-2 Investigations of Lightning and Thunderstorms Richard Blakeslee ................................................................... 65 Airborne Full Polarization Radiometry Using the MSFC Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) A. J. Gasiewski and D. B. Kunkee .............................................. 69 Nonhydrostatic Effects in Numerical Modeling of Me.scale Convection Systems and Baroclinic Waves Charles Cohen ...................................................................... 71 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Page Synoptic/Planetary-Scale Interactions and Blocking Over the North Atlantic Ocean Phillip J. Smith, Anthony R. Lupo, Melinda L. Hunter, and David R. Settner ................................................................................ 73 Observational and Modeling Studies of Heat, Moisture, Precipitation, and Global- Scale Circulation Patterns Dayton G. Vincent and Franklin Robertson ..................................... 77 Tropical Pacific Moisture Variability James P. McGuirk .................................................................. 81 Investigation of Cloud/Water Vapor Motion Winds from Geostationary Satellite Steve Nieman, Chris Velden, Kit Hayden, and Paul Menzel .................. 85 Microwave Radiative Transfer Studies of Precipitation V. N. Bringi, J. Vivekanandan, and F. Joseph Turk .......................... 89 A Satellite-Borne Radar Wind Sensor (RAWS) Richard K. Moore, Michael Stuart, and Timothy Propp ....................... 91 MAMS - High Resolution Atmospheric/Surface Properties Gary J. Jedlovec, Anthony R. Guillory, Grant S. Carlson, and Robert J. Atkinson ............................................................................. 95 Infrared Backscatter Climatology and MACAWS M. J. Post ................................................................ 99 Mountain TOp Measurements of Beta (9.2 Microns) R. M. Schotland .................................................................... 103 Development of a 100 mJ, 5 Hz, Flashlamp-Pumped, Cr,Tm:YAG Coherent Lidar Transmitter S. Henderson and S. Johnson .................................................... 107 Multi-Center Airborne Coherent Atmospheric Wind Sensor (MACAWS) J. Rothermel, W. D. Jones, J. A. Dunkin, and E. W. McCaul, Jr ............ 109 Aerosol Chemistry in GLOBE A. Clarke .............................................................................. 111 V TABLE OF CONTENTS (Concluded) Page CO 2 Lidar Backscatter Experiment M. Jarzembski, J. Rothermel, D. A. Bowdle, V. Srivastava, D. Cutten, and E. W. McCaul, Jr ................................................................... 113 Simulations of Satellite Doppler Wind Observations G. D. Emmitt 117 A Modeling Study of Marine Boundary Layer Clouds Shouping Wang and Daniel E. Fitzjarrald ....................................... 119 Computer Modeling of Pulsed CO 2 Lasers for Lidar Applications Gary D. Spiers ...................................................................... 121 Remote Sensing of Water Vapor Features Henry E. Fuelberg .................................................................. 125 An Investigation of the Role of Current and Future Remote Sensing Data Systems in Numerical Meteorology George R. Diak and William L. Smith ........................................... 129 Agenda ........................................................................................ 135 Z vi N93-20068 Title: Global Temperature Variations Investiqators: Roy W. Spencer/MSFC John R. Christy/UAH Siqnificant Accomplishments for the Past Year: Lower stratospheric temperature anomalies from MSU channel 4 were compared to ten years of radiosonde data to validate the satel- lite record, and the results were submitted for publication. Various assumed stratospheric weighting profiles were tested to determine whether the theoretical channel 4 weighting function had significant errors. It was found that the real weighting function is slightly sharper than the theoretical weighting func- tion. We also found evidence for a step-function cooling in the radiosonde record during 1982, a period when two satellites were operating with no evidence of changes in the satellites. Lower tropospheric bulk temperature datasets continue to be sent to climate researchers and modelers, as well as to the Climate Analysis Center (CAC). The CAC is also implementing our MSU software to be able to do the MSU processing at their site. Drift in MSU channel 3 is being qunatified and corrected to allow it to be used together with channel 2 for a better lower- tropospheric gridpoint temperature product. A new global oceanic precipitation dataset has been produced from MSU channel 1 data, and compared to ten years of global raingage data. A manuscript has been submitted to J. Climate describing this work. Focus of Current Research and Plans for Next Year: Monthly updates of MSU data from NOAA will be processed at the end of each month and the derived datasets will be updated, along with satellite intercomparison statistics relating to noise and drift. Datasets are routinely accessed electronically by NCAR, GISS, CAC, and other Climate research centers. Publications: Spencer, R.W. and J.R. Christy, 1990: Precise monitoring of global temperature trends from satellites. Science, 247, 1558-1562. Spencer, R.W., J.R. Christy, and N.C. Grody, 1990: Global atmospheric temperature monitoring with satellite microwave