The Offices for the Two Feasts of S ain t Dominic Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree Doctor of Philosophy In the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Patrick Michael Taylor Bergin Jr., M.A. Graduate Program in Music The Ohio State University 2019 Dissertation Committee: Charles Atkinson, Advisor David Clampitt Lois Rosow Copyright by Patrick Michael Taylor Bergin Jr. 2019 Abstract The foundation of the Order of Preachers in 1216 by Dominic of Osma (ca. 1173 - 1221, and the founder’s own meritorious life — exemplifying the virtues of a vir evangelicus for his spiritual descendants — represent a key moment in the religious history of the Middle Ages. Receiving its definitive form in the mid - 1250s, the Dominican Rite provided for the liturgical celebration and memorial of its founder with two feasts: the p rincipal feast, 5 August, held on the vigil of his death, and the translation, 24 May, celebrating the transfer of his relics on that date in 1233, during which a miraculous fragrance ( odor mirificus ) and many healings occurred, speeding along Dominic’s ca nonization, which occurred on 3 July 1234. The two offices for these feasts developed in stages similar to those of the liturgy of the Rite to which they belonged. In addition to a study of these developments, the present dissertation examines the proper chants of the offices and presents the results in commentaries on each item. This analysis reveals that the texts were carefully constructed, with attention to narrative continuity based on Dominic’s early vitae , allusion to biblical and patristic sources, and the creation of striking poetic effects. Together with their melodies, which like the texts were newly composed, these pieces create an official liturgical memory of Dominic, providing a common formation, education, and understanding of the faith for the members of the Order. Each office emphasizes different aspects of Dominic’s person and his life. The principal feast reminds the assembled brethren of the life, miracles, death, and heavenly i glorification of their founder, describing his virtues and wo rks, and presenting him as a model worthy of imitation. The feast of the Translation focuses on the historical translation itself — the disinterment of Dominic’s remains and the miracles accompanying it — highlighting Christ as the source of these wonders and Dominic as heavenly intercessor. The offices’ annual reminders of Dominic nourished the Dominican brethren and helped keep the example of their father, who sought to emulate Christ, at the center of their activity. Modern editions of both the principal off ice and the Translation, heretofore lacking, appear in the appendices of this dissertation, providing an opportunity for comparison of the musical items of these two offices as they appear in the two most important early sources: Rome, Archivum Generale Or dinis Praedicatorum, “Santa Sabina” XIV L1, and Londo n, British Library , Additional MS 23935. The loss of large portions of the offices caused by the abandonment of the Dominican Rite in 1969 has obscured the vivid image of Dominic that they portray, ther eby depriving current Dominicans of an important part of their formation: the constant reminder and inspiration provided by the example of their founder. The present study is itself founded upon the hope that the analyses conducted here will motivate furth er scholarship considering the divine office in general and individual offices in particular, and that the revelation of the rich depiction of Dominic that the two offices provide might encourage a return to their medieval form. ii For three women : m y M o m , Judy ( † 2018) Maria , virgo potens , and especially, Laura iii Acknowledgements I am pleased to be able to offer my gratitude to so many people who have assisted in bringing this p roject to completion. The members of my committee, Dr. David Clampitt and Dr. Lois Rosow, offered numerous suggestions and comments to improve this work . I w as privilege d to conduct this research under Dr. Charles Atkinson, whose initial suggestion that I pursue the Versified Office brought me to the topic. His editorial su ggestions, comments, and general assistance may be seen throughout; any remaining deficiencies are the result of my own negligence. The interlibrary services departments of the Saint Louis County Library and the Thomas Jefferson Library ( University of Mis souri - St. Louis ) obtained several important items for me. T he Gaylord Music Library ( Washington University ) and Charles Souvay Memorial Library ( Kenrick - Glennon Seminary ) granted me borrowing privileges . Misti Shaw ( Indiana University ) arranged the loan of a key microfilm. The staff of the Music & Dance Library ( Ohio State University ) , particularly Alan Green, Sean Ferguson, and Michael Murray, arranged the purchase of several items and their shipment to me. Several scholars lent vital assistance: Barba ra Haggh - Huglo offered the offices for Dominic as a potential subject when my initial research was not working out. Kate Helsen helped me to navigate LMLO and Andrew Hughes’s databases. Innoc ent Smith, OP, shared several hard - to - find documents, practical knowledge, and a great deal of correspondence. M sgr. Timothy Cronin was a support and encouragement throughout the process. Dr. Diane Touliatos - Mi les, mentor and friend, introduced me to the Divine Office. Dom Mark Daniel Kirby, OSB, has taught and continu es to teach me a great deal about the Office. My parents, Judy ( †2018 ) and Pat , parents - in - law, Julie and Rob, and other family members and friends who offered support in many ways. My children, James, Oliver, and Leo, have shown patience and understanding beyond their years as I worked; they give me hope and joy. Finally, my wife, Laura , receives my highest gratitude for her abundant love, encouragement, and patience throughout this labor. Patrick M. Bergin Jr. 4 November 2019 iv Vita 2008 .................................................... ........... B.M. Music Education, University of Missouri - St Louis 2008 - 2009 ........................ .............................. University Fellow, The Ohio State University 2009 - 2012 ............... ............. .......................... Graduate Teaching Associate, The Ohio State University 2012 .................................................... ........... M.A. Music, The Ohio State University 2013 - 2016 ............................ ................ .......... Lecturer, University of Missouri - St Louis Fields of Study Major Field: Music v Table of Contents Abstract ...................................................................................... .................................... ......i Dedication ...................................................................................... .................................... iii Acknowledgements ...................................................................................... .... ..................iv Vita . .......................................................................................................................... ...... .. v List of Examples . ............................................................................ ......... ........................ .v ii A Note on Translations and Psalms ....................................................... ..............................x Introduction..................................................................................... ....................... ..... .........1 Chapter 1: Vita Dominici ................................................................................ ....................12 Chapter 2: Liturgia Dominicanorum, Liturgiae Dominici ...................... ............... ........ ....48 Chapter 3: Commentaria super officia Dominici ................................. ...............................70 I. Introduction ............................. .............................. .............. ..... ....... ....................70 II. In festo beati Dominici ........... ............................... ......................... ..................102 III. In translatione beati Dominici .................................................................... ....260 Conclusions .......................................................................................... ............................316 Bibliography . ........................................................................................ ...........................328 A ppendix A: Preface to the Editions ......... ........... ................................. ............................347 Appendix B: Gaude felix parens yspania ........................................................... ........ ......354 Appendix C: Adest dies leticie .......................................... ................. ................ .. ........ ...396 Appendix D: Fragmentary Office Texts from G and U ..... ................... .............................418 vi List of Examples Example 1: Table of Sigla .............................................................................. .... ............. ...10 Example 2.1: Table of Earliest Sources, Office in translatione yspania ....... ..................... 6 2 Example 2.2: Nocturns of the Office in translatione , c elebrated “post trinitatem” .. ..... .... 65 Example 3.1: Table of First Appearances, Office in festo ................................. .... ............. 72 Example 3.2: Metrical Analysis of Texts, Office in festo