id3005812 pdfMachine by Broadgun Software - a great PDF writer! - a great PDF creator! - http://www.pdfmachine.com http://www.broadgun.com Mehtapress 2014 Print - ISSN : 2319–9814 Journal of Online - ISSN : 2319–9822 SpFauclle pEapxepr loration Full Paper WWW.MEHTAPRESS.COM Yoshinari Minami Interstellar travel through the ‘Imaginary Advanced Science-Technology Re- Time Hole’ search Organization, (Formerly NEC Space Development Division), 35-13, Abstract Higashikubo-Cho, Nishi-Ku, Yokohama, 220-0062, (JAPAN) An interstellar travel within a human lifetime is considered as utterly impossible. The E-mail: [email protected] interstellar travel used Special Relativity is well known. However, there exists the problem of the twin or time paradox. In addition, Space warp using wormhole is also well known. Received : August 22, 2014 However, the size of the wormhole is smaller than the atom, and moreover, the worm- Accepted : October 03, 2014 hole is predicted to fluctuate theoretically due to instabilities. Assuming hyperspace as Published : December 30, 2014 being characterized by imaginary time, it is shown that the limitations due to the ex- tremely long time required for interstellar travel as is set forth by Special Relativity are removed. *Corresponding author’s Name & Add. Keywords Yoshinari Minami Advanced Science-Technology Re- Interstellar travel; Space-time; Imaginary time; Hyper space; Wormhole; Special relativity. search Organization, (Formerly NEC Space Development Division), 35-13, Higashikubo-Cho, Nishi-Ku, Yokohama, 220-0062, (JAPAN) E-mail: [email protected] INTRODUCTION whole time period would be 820 years, with paradoxi- cal consequences as to the feasibility of a mission such As is well known in astronomy, sixty-three stellar sys- as this. The first solution of the above-stated problem tems and other eight hundred fourteen stellar systems is to obtain a breakthrough in propulsion science. exist respectively within the range of 18 and 50 light However, no propulsion theory currently exceeds the years from our Solar System. For instance, Alpha speed of light. Accordingly, the propulsion theory Centauri is the nearest star from the Earth, and the alone is not enough to establish the reality of interstel- star Sirius, which is the seventh nearest star, is 8.7 light lar travel, thereby requiring a navigation theory as a years from the Earth, while the Pleiades star cluster is secondary solution. 410 light years from us. According to Einstein’s Spe- G. Vulpetti[1] discusses the problems and perspectives cial Relativity, sending a starship to a stellar system at of interstellar exploration and shows how and why cur- a distance longer than several hundred light years rent physics does not allow real interstellar flight be- would ask for an extremely long time even if the yond the nearby stars, unless giant worldships are built starship would travel at the speed of light. For instance, and the concept of flight through generations is devel- assuming that the starship is traveling to the Pleiades oped: two really formidable tasks indeed. Therefore, star cluster at a speed of 0.99999c, it will arrive at the some reasonable theoretical speculations are necessary Pleiades 1.8 years later and, in the case of immediately for trying to overcome the limits of the current phys- starting of the return travel, it would be back to Earth ics. This paper suggests one among the many potential 3.6 years after leaving for the Pleiades. But this would ideas that might pave the way to a deeper research. be just for the clocks of the astronauts onboard the To such an aim, we would like to discuss the concept starship for that mission. For people on the Earth, the of imaginary time. Let us now consider the imaginary Full Paper JSE 3(3) 2014 time in brief. M theory, D-brane theory related superstring. For Imaginary time is a difficult concept to grasp, and it is instance, superstring theory is formulated in 10 or 26 probably much difficulty that has caused most prob- dimensions (6 or 22 extra spatial dimensions). These lems. How can imaginary time have anything to do extra spatial dimensions must be hidden, and are as- with the real universe? Stephen Hawking has been sumed to be unseen because they are compact and small, working at developing equations that would tell us presumably with typical dimensions of the order of just what did happen when time began. The concept the Planck length (~10-35m). The navigation method of imaginary time is related to the origin and fate of of utilizing extra dimensions (even if they are the universe. His theories use such concepts as imagi- compactified) has also a theoretical problem as well as nary time and singularities to unite relativity and quan- using a wormhole. tum physics[2,3]. There exists another interstellar navigation theory. As to Feynman’s sum over histories, to avoid some Froning shows the rapid starship transit to a distant technical difficulties, one must use imaginary time. In star (i.e. Instantaneous Travel) using the method of real time, the universe has a beginning and an end at “jumping” over so-called time and space[6]. In addition singularities that form a boundary to space-time at to this invaluable concept, Hyper-Space navigation which the laws of science break down. But in imagi- theory using a space-time featuring an imaginary time nary time, there are no singularities and boundaries. offers great promise to develop practical interstellar This might suggest that the so-called imaginary time is exploration. really more basic. Assuming hyper-space as being characterized by imagi- Concerning interstellar travel, the method using a nary time, it is shown that the limitations due to the wormhole is well known; relying on space warps, such extremely long time required for interstellar travel as as for instance Wheeler-Planck Wormholes, Kerr met- is set forth by Special Relativity are removed. Minami ric, Schwartzschild metric, Morris-Thorne Field-Sup- proposed the hyper-space navigation theory used ported Wormhole based on the solutions of equations imaginary time in 1993[7]. This proposed navigation of General Relativity[4]. In general, wormholes come theory is based on Special Relativity (not on General in a variety of species. The major phyletic division is Relativity), that allows interstellar travel to the far- the distinction between Lorentzian and Euclidean thest star systems to be realized; and removes the present wormholes. This means whether or not the manifold theoretical limitations to interstellar travel that arises in which the wormhole resides is a Lorentzian (pseudo- from the extremely long time needed (the time para- Riemannian) manifold or a true Riemannian manifold dox) according to Special Relativity[7-9]. The practical with Euclidean signature metric. Euclidean wormholes interstellar travel combines propulsion theory with are commonly thought of as “instantons” in the gravi- navigation theory. tational field. Instantons offer the minimum of Eu- clidean action and Euclidean action implies the opera- THREE WAYS TO THE INTERSTELLAR tor of imaginary time (i.e. tit). Therefore, Euclid- TRAVEL ean wormholes are considered to have a topology with an “imaginary time” coordinate and a nontrivial spa- Three methods are considered to reach the star rap- tial topology[5]. idly. The basic principle is the following equation However, since the size of wormhole (i.e., ~10-35m) is which is known to every one: smaller than the atom (~10-10m), and moreover the L =V t size is predicted to fluctuate theoretically due to insta- star starship where, L is the distance to star, V is the speed bilities, space flight through the wormhole is difficult star starship of starship, t is the time. technically and it is unknown where to go and how to The distance to a stellar syatem “L ” is enormous. An return. Additionally, since the solution of wormhole star extremely long time is required, even if the starship includes a singularity, this navigation method theo- would travel at the speed of light “c”. To reach the star retically includes fundamental problems. rapidly, three parameters, such as “speed”, “distance” The search for a consistent quantum theory of gravity and “time”, shall be controlled. and the quest for a unification of gravity with other 1). <Change speed> L =(nc)t forces (strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions) star have both led to a renewed interest in theories with where, “nc” is n-fold increase in speed of light “c”. Here, extra spatial dimensions. Theories that have been for- n is real number greater than 1. mulated with extra dimensions include Kaluza-Klein There is no propulsion theory exceeds the speed of theory, supergravity theory, superstring theory, and light, moreover, Special Relativity restricts the maxi- FP 207 JSE 3(3) 2014 . Full Paper mum speed to the speed of light; therefore this method hole corresponds to a few light years in actual space. is impossible. 3). <Change time> L =c(nt) star 2). <Change distance> L /n=ct star The time “t” in an imaginary time hole is equivalent The so-called “wormhole” is utilized. By using worm- time of n-fold time in actual space, as shown in Figure hole, shorten the distance as L /nH” a few meters, as 2. For example, one second in an imaginary time hole star shown in Figure 1. For example, one meter in a worm- corresponds to one million seconds in actual space. Figure 1 : A wormhole creates a shortcut from Earth to Alpha Centauri. Figure 2 : An imaginary time hole creates a shortcut from Earth to Alpha Centauri. Subsequently, interstellar travel through the imaginary Real-Space: t (real number), x,y,z (real number) ; Hyper- time hole is described as the following. Space: it (imaginary number; i2=-1), x,y,z (real num- ber).