Sudan University of Sciences and Technology College of Graduate Studies Estimation of Normal Brain Lateral Ventricles by Using Computed Tomography تقدير بطيناث المخ الجانبيت الطبيعيت باستخدام اﻻشعت المقطعيت A Thesis Submitted, The Requirement for Partial Fulfillment of award of Master Degree in Diagnostic Radiological Technology By Hassan Alseddig Mohamed Osman Supervisor: Dr. Asma Ibrahim Ahmed Alamin 2019 اﻵيت بسمميحرلا نمحرلا هللا قال تعالى: ) و اصبر لحكم ربك فأنك بأعيننا ( صدق هللا العظين سورة الطور اﻵيت 84 I Dedication To my father how learned me that only man can defeat odds and arrive to the goals To my mother how learned me that only love and compassion are the secret of the happy life II Acknowledgment First all thanks and praise are due to ALLAH . I would like to express my grateful thanks to my supervisor,Dr: Asma Ibrahim for her valuable and continuous help and guidance. My thanks extended to the staff of the Radiology Department in Sharq Alneel hosiptal who my helped me in collecting data. III Abstract This study was conducted with the aim of naturally measuring the lateral ventricles in Sudanese patients using CT scans in the Sharq Alneel Hospital and National Rabat Hospital in the period of time from September 2019 to December 2019, conducted on 56 patients including 33 men and 23 women, ages of 20_70 years old. The results were generally as follows: The average length of the right anterior horn was 30.521mm, the average length of the left anterior horn was 31.588mm, the average length of right posterior horn was 36.2mm, the average length of the left posterior horn was 36.62mm, the average length of the right ventricular body was 75.086mm, and the average length of the left ventricular body was 76.47mm. In men, the average length of the right anterior horn was 30.882mm, the average length of the left anterior horn was 31.955mm, the average length of right posterior horn was 37.376mm, the average length of the left posterior horn was 37.364mm, the average length of the right ventricular body was 76.158mm, and the average length of the left ventricular body was 77.515mm. In women, the average length of the right anterior horn was 30.004mm, the average length of the left anterior horn was 31.061mm, the average length of right posterior horn was 34.513mm, the average length of the left posterior horn was 35.561mm, the average length of the right ventricular body was 73.548mm, and the average length of the left ventricular body was 74.970mm. The study showed there is no difference in the average lengths of the anterior horns and bodies of the lateral ventricles with age, but there is marked difference in the lengths of the posterior horns with age. Also study showed 0.005%difference in the right lateral ventricle with weight, and 0.0003% in the left lateral ventricle with weight. IV المستخلص أجريتتهذهتتلدذاسة اهتت ذياتتةلذطيتتت ذاسانبيتتتصذاسهت ايتت ذيةتتد اتذاسناي يتت ذستتة ذاسمرضتت ذ اسستدنا بببذيتهتم ةاشذا اتتق ذاسمفن يت ذىترذ سمنتت ذاترجذاسيبتشذاسيمتتدطجرذ ذ سمنت ذاسر تتت ذ اسدطيرذىرذاس مرةذ بذهاممارذ9102ذاس ذنيسمارذ9102،ذأجريهذعل ذ65ذ تري ذ تيا ذ33ذ تتبذاسرجتتت ذ ذ93ذ تتبذاسيستتتت،ذ متترا رذاعمتتت ه ذيتتببذ91-01ذعت تتتذ ذنتتت داذ ذيقتتت دىذ تتبذا ذ رضذ بذاأ هذاسمأثبرذعل ذاسانبيتصذاسهت اي . ذ ذنت هذاسيمتىجذينكشذعتشذنتﻷ ر: ذ مدهتتتوذطتتتد ذاستأتتر ذا تتتت رذاﻷيمتتتبذ31.690 تتت ،ذ ذ مدهتتتوذطتتتد ذاستأتتر ذا تتتت رذ أﻷيستترذ30.633 تت ،ذ مدهتتوذطتتد ذأاستتر ذاس ل تترذاﻷيمتتبذ35.9 تت ،ذ ذ مدهتتوذطتتد ذأاستتر ذ اس ل رذاﻷيسرذ35.59 ،ذ ذنتىذ مدهتوذطتد ذجست ذاسانتببذا يمتبذ06.135 ت ،ذ ذ مدهتوذ طد ذجس ذاسانببذاﻷيسر05.60 . ذ ذىرذاسرجت ذ مدهوذطد أذاسر ذا ت رذاﻷيمتبذ31.339 ت ،ذ ذ مدهتوذطتد أذاستر ذ ا تتتت رذأﻷيستتترذ30.266 تتت ،ذ مدهتتتوذطتتتد ذاستأتتر ذاس ل تتترذاﻷيمتتتبذ30.305 تتت ،ذ ذ مدهتتتوذ طتتتتتتتتتد ذاستتتتتأتتتتر ذاس ل تتتتتتتتترذاﻷيستتتتتتتتترذ30.356 تتتتتتتتت ،ذ ذنتتتتتتتتتتىذ مدهتتتتتتتتتوذطتتتتتتتتتد ذجستتتتتتتتت ذاسانتتتتتتتتتببذ اﻷيمب05.063 ،ذ ذ مدهوذطد ذجس ذاسانببذاﻷيسر00.606 . ذ ذىتترذاسيستتتتذنتتتىذ مدهتتوذطتتد ذاستأتر ذا تتت رذاﻷيمتتبذ31.116 تت ،ذ ذ مدهتتوذطتتد ذ استأتتر ذا تتتت رذأﻷيستتترذ30.150 تتت ،ذ مدهتتتوذطتتتد ذاستأتتر ذاس ل تتترذاﻷيمتتتبذ36.603 تتت ،ذ ذ مدهتتوذطتتد ذاستأتر ذاس ل تترذاﻷيستترذ36.650 تت ،ذ ذنتتتىذ مدهتتوذطتتد ذجستت ذاسانتتببذا يمتتبذ 03.663 ،ذ ذ مدهوذطد ذجس ذاسانببذاﻷيسر06.201 . ذأظاتتترصذاسة اهتتت ذا تتتهذ ذ دجتتتةذا تتتمﻻلذىتتترذ مدهتتتوذاطتتتدا ذاستأتتر ذا تتتت رذ ذجستتت ذ اسانبيتصذاسهت اي ذ عذاسمفةشذىترذاسقمتر،ذ س تبذ دجتةذا تمﻻلذ ليتدطذىترذاطتدا أذاستر ذاس ل ترذ عذاسقمر. ذ ذأيضتذاظارصذاسة اه ذ جدنذا مﻻلذييسا ذ1.116%ىرذاسانببذاسهت ارذا يمتبذ تعذ اسدزى،ذ ذييسا ذ1.1113%ذىرذاسانببذاسهت ارذا يذسر عذاسدزى. ذ V List of Contents I .................................................................................................................................................... اﻵية Dedication .................................................................................................................................... II Acknowledgment ..................................................................................................................... III Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ IV V ........................................................................................................................................ المستخلص List of Contents ........................................................................................................................ VI List of Figures ........................................................................................................................... IX List of Tables .............................................................................................................................. X List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................. XI Chapter One Interdiction 1.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Problem of study: .............................................................................................................. 3 1.3 Objectives of the study: .................................................................................................. 3 1.3.1 General objectives: ....................................................................................................... 3 1.3.2 Specific objectives: ....................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Significance of the study: .............................................................................................. 3 1.5 Overview of the study ..................................................................................................... 3 Chapter Two Background 2.1 Anatomy: .............................................................................................................................. 4 2.1.1Ventricular System: ....................................................................................................... 4 2.1.1.1 Lateral ventricles: ...................................................................................................... 5 2.1.1.1.1 Parts of lateral ventricle: ..................................................................................... 7 2.1.1.1.1.1 Anterior (frontal) horn: .................................................................................... 7 2.1.1.1.1.2 Central part (Body): .......................................................................................... 7 2.1.1.1.1.3 Posterior (occipital) Horns:............................................................................ 9 2.1.1.1.1.4 Inferior (Temporal) horn: ............................................................................... 9 2.1.1.1.2 Size of the lateral ventricles: ........................................................................... 10 VI 2.1.1.2 The third ventricle: ................................................................................................. 12 2.1.1.3 The forth ventricle: ................................................................................................. 12 2.2 Physiology (Cerebrospinal fluid CSF): .................................................................. 14 2.2.1 Physical characteristics and composition: ......................................................... 14 2.2.2 Formation and Secretion: ......................................................................................... 14 2.2.3 Circulation and Absorption:.................................................................................... 14 2.2.4 Functions of Cerebrospinal fluid: ......................................................................... 15 2.3 Pathology of Lateral ventricles: ................................................................................ 17 2.3.2Cerebral atrophy: .......................................................................................................... 18 2.3.3Vascular disease: .......................................................................................................... 19 2.3.4 Trauma: ........................................................................................................................... 19 2.3.5 Neoplasm: ...................................................................................................................... 19 2.3.6 Schizophrenia: