COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS Global Warming Solutions Act 10-Year Progress Report ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The development of this Global Warming Solutions Act (GWSA) 10-Year Progress Report was truly a collaborative process across agencies and programs. It was written by staff members of the inter-agency GWSA Team Leaders Group and staff at the Massachusetts Environmental Policy Act Office and the Massachusetts Department of Energy Resources’ Leading By Example program and Green Communities Division. Analyses behind this Progress Report were led by the Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs (EEA) with assistance and contributions from the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (MassDEP), Massachusetts Department of Energy Resources (DOER), Massachusetts Department of Public Utilities (DPU), Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT), and Massachusetts Clean Energy Center (MassCEC). Design and layout services were provided by Shields Design Studio. The Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs would like to acknowledge and thank all who have played a role in implementation of the GWSA and in preparation of this Progress Report. Special thanks to members of the GWSA Implementation Advisory Committee for their valuable advice and feedback on GWSA implementation. Katie Theoharides (Assistant Secretary of Climate Change), Dan Sieger (Assistant Secretary of Environment), and Patrick Woodcock (Assistant Secretary of Energy) oversee GWSA implementation. Within EEA, the GWSA is implemented and evaluated under the leadership of: Martin Suuberg Leo Roy Commissioner, MassDEP Commissioner, Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation Judith Judson Commissioner, DOER Ronald Amidon Commissioner, Massachusetts Department Angela O’Connor of Fish and Game Chairman, DPU John Lebeaux Robert Hayden Commissioner, Massachusetts Department Commissioner, DPU of Agricultural Resources Cecile Fraser Commissioner, DPU Writers: Hong-Hanh Chu (EEA), Benjamin Miller (EEA), Kurt Gaertner (EEA), Deirdre Buckley (EEA), Eve Schluter (EEA), Sharon Weber (MassDEP), Will Space (MassDEP), John Fischer (MassDEP), Maggie McCarey (DOER), Ian Finlayson (DOER), Joanna Troy (DOER), Eric Steltzer (DOER), Eric Friedman (DOER), Chelsea Kehne (DOER), Trey Gowdy (DOER), Nick Connors (DOER), Joanne Bissetta (DOER), Megan Wu (DPU), Kate Tohme (DPU) Contributors: Katie Theoharides (EEA), Vallery Cardoso (EEA), Page Czepiga (EEA), Erin Flaherty (EEA), Rich Bizzozero (EEA), John Raschko (EEA), Linda Benevides (EEA), Andy Belden (MassCEC), Sue Ann Richardson (MassDEP), Bill Lamkin (MassDEP), Christine Kirby (MassDEP), Jules Williams (MassDOT), Paul Ormond (DOER), Michael Judge (DOER), Matthew Nelson (DPU). Global Warming Solutions Act: 10-Year Progress Report | Acknowledgements 1 LETTER FROM THE SECRETARY ABBREVIATIONS I am pleased to present the Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs’ (EEA) Ten-Year 2015 CECP Update – 2015 update of the Massachusetts Clean Progress Report on the implementation of the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2008 (GWSA). Energy and Climate Plan for 2020 This report fulfills an important mandate of the GWSA, and highlights Massachusetts nation- APS – Alternative Energy Portfolio Standard leading progress towards reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Btu – British thermal unit Ten years ago, Massachusetts signed into law the nation’s most ambitious greenhouse gas CECP – Massachusetts Clean Energy and Climate Plan for 2020, published in 2010. reduction legislation. In 2016, at Governor Baker’s direction, EEA expanded and integrated its CEP – Comprehensive Energy Plan greenhouse gas mitigation efforts with its work to increase the resiliency of our communities against the impacts of climate change. This Progress Report highlights the significant progress CES – Clean Energy Standard the Commonwealth has made toward reaching the dual goal of a resilient Commonwealth CHP – Combined Heat and Power CO – carbon dioxide and a 25% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions below the 1990 baseline by 2020 – as well 2 as where we still have more work to do. We are confident that each agency within EEA and CO2e – carbon dioxide equivalents partnering Secretariats, under the leadership of the Baker-Polito Administration, will continue to implement the policies of DOER – Massachusetts Department of Energy Resources the 2015 Update of the Clean Energy and Climate Plan for 2010 (2015 CECP Update) and meet our 2020 emissions limit. DPU – Massachusetts Department of Public Utilities EEA – Massachusetts Executive Office of Energy and Reducing energy demand provides a critical foundation for our work to reduce emissions. The Mass Save® and municipal- Environmental Affairs led energy efficiency programs have reduced electricity demand, even as Massachusetts' population has steadily grown. EEAC – Massachusetts Energy Efficiency Advisory Council More than just energy and emissions, these efficiency programs have also saved consumers billions of dollars on their EIR – Environmental Impact Report utility bills. Specifically, the electricity generation sector has rapidly shifted away from carbon-intensive fuels, declining by EISA – Energy Independence and Security Act 52% through a range of policies from energy efficiency deployment, growth of renewable resources, and retirement of E.O. 569 – Executive Order 569 carbon-intensive generators. These clean energy technology industries have led to more than 100,000 new jobs and have EPA – Environmental Protection Agency contributed more than $11 billion per year to the Massachusetts economy. EV – electric vehicle In the Transportation Sector, forward-looking motor vehicle standards have saved Massachusetts drivers at the pump EVSE – electric vehicle supply equipment and reduced our dependence on imported petroleum products. Moreover, these standards have dramatically reduced FHWA – Federal Highway Administration the emission of harmful pollutants from vehicle exhaust, with enormous public health benefits. However, there is more GCA – Green Communities Act of 2018 work to do to reduce transportation emissions which continue to grow as our population and economy have grown. GHG – greenhouse gas To address this challenge, the Baker-Polito Administration has taken a number of steps over the last year to convene GWSA – Global Warming Solutions Act of 2008 stakeholders through the Commonwealth, hold interstate dialogues, and study the best science and data in order to MAPC – Metropolitan Area Planning Council better understand and evaluate the most feasible strategies to reduce transportation sector emissions. Building on these MassCEC – Massachusetts Clean Energy Center efforts, Governor Baker created the Commission on the Future of Transportation to provide recommendations to support MassDEP – Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection future efforts to deliver a cleaner, more resilient, and reliable transportation system for all residents. Their report, released MassDOT – Massachusetts Department of Transportation in December 2018, will inform our analysis and development of a roadmap to meet the GWSA emissions limit in 2050. MassEVIP – Massachusetts Electric Vehicle Incentive Program In the last ten years, the Commonwealth has led the nation in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and fueled a new MMTCO2e – million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents economy built on innovation and technology. Most of the policies contained within the 2015 CECP Update have led to MMBtu – million British thermal units emissions reductions. In some cases, the impacts of these policies have simply been masked by other changes as the MOR-EV – Massachusetts Offers Rebates for Electric Vehicles economy has moved to embrace clean and efficient technologies. As we look to 2020 and beyond, Massachusetts has MW – megawatt an opportunity to continue its leadership, working with regional states and partners through programs like the Regional MWh – megawatt hour Greenhouse Gas Initiative, the Transportation and Climate Initiative, and the U.S. Climate Alliance. Global warming is not NHTSA – National Highway Traffic and Safety Administration isolated to Massachusetts; only by engaging and working with our partners in New England and across the world will we PAs – Program Administrators of energy efficiency programs be able to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, preserve our natural resources, continue to grow our economy, and protect RGGI – Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative our residents and communities from the impacts of climate change. RPS – Renewable Portfolio Standard SMART – Solar Massachusetts Renewable Target Sincerely, TWh – terawatt hour Matthew A. Beaton Secretary of Energy and Environmental Affairs VMT – vehicle miles traveled ZEV – zero emission vehicle 2 Global Warming Solutions Act: 10-Year Progress Report | Letter from the Secretary Global Warming Solutions Act: 10-Year Progress Report | Abbreviations 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ...................................1 4.1.1 Overview .......................................30 Letter from the Secretary. .2 4.1.2 Buildings Sector Policies ........................31 Executive Summary ................................ 6 4.1.3 Conclusions and Recommendations .............38 1.1 Summary of Global Warming Solutions 4.2 Transportation, Land Use, and Smart Growth ......39 Act Implementation ...................................6 4.2.1 Overview .......................................39 Reduction of Energy Use Across All Sectors ............8