A COLOSSAL CONSERVATION PROJECT • SUMMER TRAVEL SPECIAL • DIGGING UP AMERICA SUMMER 2012 americana quarterly publication of The Archaeological Conservancy archaeology Vol. 16 No. 2 DID EARLY AMERICANS COME FROM EUROPE? $3.95 SUMMER 2012 americana quarterly publication of The Archaeological archaeology Conservancy Vol. 16 No. 2 COVER FEATURE 38 IBERIA, NOT SIBERIA? BY DAVID MALAKOFF 19 Did the Clovis culture derive from European, rather than Asian, immigrants? 12 A COLOSSAL CONSERVATION PROJECT BY PAT H. BROESKE The merger between two prestigious California museums has brought about what might be the largest conservation project in the country. 19 DIGGING UP AMERICA BY WAYNE CURTIS Two new reality TV shows have alarmed the archaeological community. TV E 25 GOING BEYOND CULTURAL RESOURCE MANAGMENT BY JANICE ARENOFSKY Statistical Research, Inc. and its affiliated organizations go well beyond standard CRM work. JOE HERNANDEZ / SPIK 31 SEEING THE AMAZING SOUTHWEST BY NANCY ZIMMERMAN 12 An archaeological road trip through New Mexico and the Four Corners area makes for a memorable experience. 45 new acquisition DISCOVERING CULTURAL RESOURCES When offered a large tract of land with no record of archaeological sites, the Conservancy conducted a survey to determine if it had cultural resources. It did, so the Conservancy established its newest preserve in California. 46 new acquisition SAVING AN EARTHWORK FROM DEVELOPMENT MANCE T The Oberting-Glenn site could have been destroyed by residential development, but the landowners chose to ROBER preserve Indiana’s lone hilltop earthwork enclosure. 2 LAY OF THE LAND 3 LETTERS 48 new acquisition PRESERVING A 16TH-CENTURY 5 EVENTS IROQUOIS VILLAGE 7 IN THE NEWS The Conservancy adds another site to its Iroquois • Slave Dwellings Discovered at Jefferson’s Monticello Preservation Project. • Earliest Humans in Ohio • New Clue to Lost Colony Location 50 FiELD NOTES COVER: According to the Solutrean hypothesis, some 20,000 years ago people from Europe, making their way along sea ice in the Atlantic 52 REVIEWS Ocean, entered the Americas. This is an artist’s depiction of that journey. 54 EXPEDITIONS Credit: Charlotte Hill-Cobb american archaeology 1 Lay of the Land Promoting Unacceptable Behavior ack in the 1960s Newton Minow, of historical artifacts each year. Drawing EZ then chairman of the Federal liberally from the sensationalist antics P Z LO I BCommunications Commission, of TV wrestling (Savage was a profes- L described commercial television as a sional wrestler), the show features Mark Michel, President “vast wasteland.” Despite the dramatic such digging techniques as backhoes, changes brought about by a profusion jackhammers, and explosives. National Geographic Society. of cable and satellite channels, things Even worse, the National Geo- Needless to say, archaeologists haven’t gotten any better; in fact they graphic Channel’s show, Diggers, fea- and preservationists are incensed and have gotten a lot worse. In this issue of tures contrived betting on who can dig united in their sense of outrage. It American Archaeology (see “Digging up the most loot. No mention is made appears the only recourse at this time Up America,” page 19) we investigate of scientific information or preserving is public opinion, and we all need to two new cable shows that endorse the context of the discoveries. In one of speak out in favor of protecting our uncontrolled digging of artifacts, pro- the pilots, the show’s stars apparently cultural heritage. Controlling looting moting the idea that looting is accept- illegally dug up artifacts on Montana in America is difficult enough without able behavior. state land without the required permit. mindless TV shows endorsing the idea. Ric Savage, of the Spike TV show This is particularly shocking consider- American Digger, brags of digging up ing the National Geographic Channel is as much as a half million dollars’ worth a commercial venture of the venerable 2 summer • 2012 Letters CANADA’S FIRST BRITISH COLONY BANNER BANNER •BANNER RESTORING• BANNERAN IMPORTANT BANNER HAWAIIAN BANNER SITE •• MARYLAND’SBANNER BANNER OLDEST STRUCTURES Don’t Forget Fort St. George SPRING 2012 americana quarterly publication of The Archaeological archaeology Conservanc I enjoyed the article “Colonizing y Vol. 16 No.1 Editor’s Corner Canada” (Spring 2012) describing the project at Cupids Cove on New- For years Dennis Stanford and Bruce Brad- foundland. But I am surprised by the THE ley have argued that, some 20,000 years statement attributed to archaeolo- Kachina ago, long before the Clovis period, some gist Bill Gilbert that “the only earlier Tradition’s brave souls set out from Europe’s Iberian fortification [than Cupids] is Jame- Peninsula, crossed the Atlantic Ocean, and stown in Virginia” which overlooks Influence landed in the New World (see “Iberia, Not Fort St. George on the Kennebec Siberia?” Page 38). Recently, there have been River in Maine (“Discovering An a number of important discoveries and pro- Archaeological Time Capsule,” vocative claims in first American studies, Winter 2000-2001). $3.95 and this is certainly one of the more pro- Spring 2012 mag c.indd 1 Fort St. George was built by 2/23/12 7:23:04 PM vocative and potentially important ones. the Popham Colonists in 1607. The Katsina, Not long ago there were first Ameri- Popham Colony was the sister col- Not Kachina can scholars who complained about a ony of Jamestown, the other half of Please note that the spelling “kachina,” “Clovis police” that patrolled the halls of the two-pronged attempt by England which was used in “The Power Of academe, rigidly enforcing the Clovis First to secure all of the North American The Kachina Tradition” (Spring 2012), doctrine and suppressing crazy notions to coast between Spanish Florida and is outdated and disrespectful of con- the contrary. But times, and hypotheses, are French Canada. The Popham Colony temporary Southwestern Pueblo peo- changing. It appears there are fewer and failed after only a year, but not before ple who make and utilize the figures, fewer Clovis police working that beat, and they had constructed a substantial and who have asked that the proper perhaps that’s why these provocative ideas, fortification three years before the spelling be used (i.e., katsina). Nor some of which now seem entirely plausible, Newfoundlanders. Of course, both are they “dolls.” To say they are dolls are circulating at conferences and being the French and Spanish, who were is in league with saying a crucifix is a published in journals and books. on the scene much earlier, also built doll. It is a blasphemy. As Mike Waters said recently, “It’s an fortifications. exciting time to be in first American stud- Claire R. Farrer, Ph.D. ies.” Waters is the director of the Center Jeffrey Phipps Brain Emerita Professor For First American Studies at Texas A&M Archaeologist, of Anthropology University and the principal investigator Peabody Essex Museum California State University, at the Friedkin site in central Texas, where Salem, Massachusetts Chico he’s uncovered thousands of pre-Clovis artifacts. Friedkin is one of the more convincing Sending Letters to of the numerous pre-Clovis sites that have been reported. Another of those sites, Pais- American Archaeology ley Caves in Oregon, has yielded pre-Clovis American Archaeology welcomes your letters. human DNA as well as artifacts. Stanford and Bradley appear to have a Write to us at 5301 Central Avenue NE, Suite 902, Albuquerque, good many skeptics, but they are unfazed NM 87108-1517, or send us e-mail at [email protected]. by their opposition. And their skeptics are We reserve the right to edit and publish letters in the magazine’s opposing, not suppressing, their argument. Letters department as space permits. Please include your Goodbye Clovis police, and good riddance. name, address, and telephone number with all correspondence, including e-mail messages. american archaeology 3 WElcoME to thE ARchaeologicAl conservAncy! 5301 Central Avenue NE, Suite 902 Albuquerque, NM 87108-1517 • (505) 266-1540 he Archaeological Conservancy www.americanarchaeology.org is the only national nonprofit organization that identifies, Board of Directors acquires, and preserves the Gordon Wilson, New Mexico CHAIRMAN most significant archaeological Cecil F. Antone, Arizona • Carol Condie, New Mexico sites in the United States. Since Donald Craib, Virginia • Janet Creighton, Washington • Jerry Golden, Colorado t its beginning in 1980, the W. James Judge, Colorado • Jay T. Last, California Conservancy has preserved more than Leslie Masson, Massachusetts • Dorinda Oliver, New York Rosamond Stanton, Montana 435 sites across the nation, ranging in age from the earliest habitation sites in Conservancy Staff North America to a 19th-century frontier Mark Michel, President • Tione Joseph, Business Manager army post. We are building a national Lorna Wolf, Membership Director • Sarah Tiberi, Special Projects Director system of archaeological preserves to Melissa Montoya, Administrative Assistant • Patrick Leach, Administrative Assistant ensure the survival of our irreplaceable Emily Collom, Administrative Assistant cultural heritage. Regional Offices and Directors Jim Walker, Vice President, Southwestern Region (505) 266-1540 Why Save Archaeological Sites? 5301 Central Avenue NE, #902 • Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108 The ancient people of North America Tamara Stewart, Projects Coordinator left virtually no written records of their cultures. Clues that might someday Paul Gardner, Vice President,