PROCEEDINGS-THE RALPH M.WATERS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PROFESSIONALISM INANESTHESIOLOGY A Celebration of 75 Years Honoring RALPH MILTON WATERS, M.D. Mentor to a Profession I UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON ARCHIVES Ralph Milton Waters was born on October 9, 1883, and died at age 96 in 1979. In 1927 Dr Waters was appointed to the Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery (Anesthesia), University of Wisconsin and thus became the firstfull-time, salariedprofessorial appointment in Anesthesia anywhere in the world. ii A Celebration of 75 Years Honoring RALPH MILTON WATERS, M.D. Mentor to a Profession Proceedings the Ralph M.Waters Symposium On Professionalism inAnesthesiology Madison, Wisconsin 2002 Lucien E. Morris, M.D., EDITOR Mark E. Schroeder, M.D., CO-EDITOR Mary Ellen Warner, M.D. Assistant Editor WOOD LIBRARY-MUSEUM OF ANESTHESIOLOGY 2004 Wood Library-Museum of Anesthesiology Copyright © 2004 Wood Library-Museum of Anesthesiology All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical or electronic including recording, photocopy, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Control Number 2004111696 Hardcover: ISBN 1-889595-12-8 Softbound: ISBN 1-889595-13-6 Printed in the United States of America Publisher: WOOD LIBRARY-MUSEUM OF ANESTHESIOLOGY 520 N. Northwest Highway Park Ridge, Illinois 60068-2573 847-825-5586 / FAX 847-825-1692 [email protected] iv CONTENTS List of Contributors-Page ix Foreword-Page xiii Preface Page xv Aqualumni Tree-Page xvii Epilogue-252 Opening Address, 3rd World Congress, 1964, by Ralph M. Waters-253 Index-255 THE HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND ITS TEACHING IN THE UNITED STATES Robert J. T. Joy Page 1 THE WORLD, THE NATION AND WISCONSIN IN 1927 Theodore C. Smith Page 8 APPEALS FOR PHYSICIAN ANESTHESIA IN THE UNITED STATES BETWEEN 1890 AND 1920 A. J. Wright Page 14 PROFESSIONALISM: A DEFINITION Alan Jay Schwartz Page 21 WHY CELEBRATE RALPH MILTON WATERS Douglas R. Bacon Page 27 CHAUNCEY LEAKE'S RESEARCH ATTRACTED WATERS TO MADISON John W. Severinghaus Page 33 TWO MEN AND THEIR DOG: RALPH WATERS, ARTHUR GUEDEL AND THE DUNKED DOG "AIRWAY" Selma Harrison Calmes Page 37 MY FIRST ENCOUNTER WITH RALPH WATERS, MADISON, 1946 Carlos P. Parsloe Page 43 A MATTER OF SEMANTICS Lucien E. Morris Page 50 PRECEPTS, PRINCIPLES, AND PRACTICE: THE PURSUIT OF EXCELLENCE Simpson S. Burke, Jr. Page 53 RALPH M. WATERS, M.D.: INNOVATOR, INVESTIGATOR AND INSTIGATOR John E. Steinhaus Page 58 CARBON DIOXIDE ABSORPTION AND WATERS' INNOVATIONS James C. Erickson, III Page 66 RALPH WATERS, M.D.: MORE THAN A PIONEER John P. Street Page 70 RALPH WATERS, M.D., ANESTHESIA EDUCATOR Ramon Martin Page 74 PLANTING THE SEED: RALPH WATERS' SECOND OBJECTIVE AND THE CLASS OF 1945 Leroy Misuraca, Ann Bardeen-Henschel and John E. Steinhaus Page 82 EMERY ANDREW ROVENSTINE: A FIRST GENERATION WATERS RESIDENT AND THE EASTWARD EXTENSION AND GLOBAL SPREAD OF THE WATERS LEGACY Boardman C. Wang Page 89 WILLIAM B. NEFF, M.D. John W. Severinghaus Page 92 DR. VIRGINIA APGAR: THE EFFECT OF DR. RALPH WATERS ON HER CAREER Selma Harrison Calmes Page 94 F.A. DUNCAN ALEXANDER, M.D., THE FIFTH BRANCH OF THE AQUALUMNI TREE Adolph H. Giesecke and David Jackson Page 100 HARVEY SLOCUM AND A CHANGE IN STATUS FOR ANESTHESIA James F. Arens Page 104 AUSTIN LAMONT, M.D., (1905-1969) Merel H. Harmel Page 107 PERSONAL RECOLLECTIONS ABOUT ROBERT D. DRIPPS AND THE PROGRAM AT PENN Allen E. Yeakel Page 112 0. SIDNEY ORTH (1906-1964): A PHARMACOLOGIST IN ANESTHESIA Carlos P. Parsloe Page 115 PERRY P. VOLPITTO, M.D.: THE BEGINNING OF ACADEMIC ANESTHESIA IN THE SOUTH John E. Mahaffey Page 120 STUART C. CULLEN, M.D. William K. Hamilton Page 123 vi RECOLLECTIONS OF JOHN ADRIANI, M.D. Leonard Steiner Page 125 FREDERICK P. HAUGEN, M.D., FATHER OF OREGON ANESTHESIOLOGY Roger L. Klein Page 129 BENJAMIN ETSTEN, M.D., AS A DISCIPLE OF RALPH WATERS, M.D. Naosuke Sugai Page 134 THERE MAY BE MORE TO A BOOK THAN IS SEEN ON THE COVER David J. Wilkinson Page 138 THE USE AND ABUSE OF CHLOROFORM James P. Payne Page 142 A HISTORY OF THE NEUROANAESTHESIA SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND Jean Horton Page 146 A HISTORY OF THE ASSOCIATION OF DENTAL ANAESTHETISTS (ADA) Adrian Padfield Page 152 LITIGATION AND POSTGRADUATE EDUCATION: THE CONCEPTION OF THE FACULTY OF ANAESTHETISTS Ian McLellan Page 156 THE ENTRANCE AND EARLY DEPARTURE OF SCIENCE FROM THE PRACTICE OF OBSTETRIC ANESTHESIA Donald Caton Page 159 AN OBSTETRIC ANESTHESIOLOGIST IN A PEDIATRIC WORLD: MILTON H. ALPER, M.D. David B. Waisel Page 161 THE BEGINNINGS OF PEDIATRIC CARDIAC ANESTHESIA: A MEMOIRE Merel H. Harmel Page 164 ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT OF PEDIATRIC CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE AND THE ROLE OF ANESTHESIOLOGISTS John J. Downes Page 173 ERWIN R. SCHMIDT, M.D.: A PIONEER IN SURGERY AND ANESTHESIA Ray J. Defalque and A. J. Wright Page 176 A SIDELIGHT ON CRAWFORD W. LONG'S FIRST USE OF ETHER IN AMERICA Richard Eimas Page 179 vii THE WATERS TREE: THE GALVESTON BRANCH EXPANDED Bohdan J. Jarem Page 185 A SUMMARY OF ANESTHESIA FROM COLONIAL TIMES: A HISTORY OF ANESTHESIA AT THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA David C. Lai Page 188 HOW RALPH WATERS INFLUENCED THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANAESTHESIA IN THE BRITISH COMMONWEALTH AND IN EUROPE Sir Keith Sykes Page 192 RALPH WATERS AND EDGAR PASK Gary R. Enever Page 205 RALPH M. WATERS AND SWEDISH ANESTHESIOLOGY Torsten Gordh, Sr. and Torsten Gordh, Jr. Page 208 HONG KONG ANAESTHESIOLOGY AND RALPH M. WATERS, M.D.: WHAT WERE THE CONNECTIONS? Z. Lett Page 210 JONE J. WU, M.D., PIONEER CHINESE ANESTHESIOLOGIST WITH WATERS' ROOTS Guangming Zhang, Zhanggang Xue and Hao Jiang Page 214 IMPACT OF RALPH WATERS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACADEMIC ANESTHESIA IN LATIN AMERICA J. Antonio Aldrete Page 217 THE RELATIONSHIP OF WATERS TO CLINICAL ANAESTHESIA IN GREAT BRITAIN Thomas B. Boulton Page 227 WATERS ACROSS THE WATERS Barry Baker Page 237 RALPH WATERS AND THE THIRD WORLD CONGRESS OF ANESTHESIOLOGY, SAO PAULO, BRAZIL, 1964 Carlos P. Parsloe Page 249 viii CONTRIBUTORS J. ANTONIO ALDRETE, M.D., M.S., Arachnoiditis Foundation Inc., Clinical Professor, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA Page 217 JAMES F. ARENS, M.D., R. Lee Clark Professor and Chairman of Anesthesiology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA Page 104 DOUGLAS R. BACON, M.D., M.A., Professor of Anesthesiology and History of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA Page 27 BARRY BAKER, M.B., B.S., D.Phil., FANZCA, FRCA, FJFICM, DHMSA, Nuffield Professor of Anaesthetics, University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia Page 237 THOMAS B. BOULTON, M.D., FRCA, Oxford and Reading, England, United Kingdom Page 227 SIMPSON S. BURKE, Jr., M.D., Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of West Virginia Medical Center (Retired), Morgantown, West Virginia, USA Page 53 SELMA HARRISON CALMES, M.D., Professor of Anesthesiology, UCLA School of Medicine, Chair Department of Anesthesiology, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar, California, USA Pages 37 and 94 DONALD CATON, M.D., Professor of Anesthesiology, Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainsville, Florida, USA Page 159 Ray J. DEFALQUE, M.D., Department of Anesthesia, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA Page 176 JOHN J. DOWNES, M.D., The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA Page 173 RICHARD EIMAS, Curator, John Martin Rare Book Room, Harding Library for the Health Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA Page 179 GARY R. ENEVER, M.A., M.B., B.S., FRCA, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom Page 205 JAMES C. ERICKSON, III, M.D., MSc., Professor Emeritus, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Wood Library-Museum of Anesthesiology, Park Ridge, Illinois, USA Page 66 ADOLPH H. GIESECKE, M.D., Professor of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Former Jenkins Professor and Chairman, Southwestern Medical Center, University of Texas, Dallas, Texas, USA Page 100 ix TORSTEN GORDH, Sr., M.D., Professor Emeritus, Department of Anesthesiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden Page 208 TORSTEN GORDH, Jr., M.D., Ph.D., Department of Anesthesiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden Page 208 WILLIAM K. HAMILTON, M.D., Professor Emeritus, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA Page 123 MEREL H. HARMEL, M.D., Professor Emeritus, Chairman Emeritus, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA Pages 107 and 164 ANN BARDEEN-HENSCHEL, M.D., FFARCS, FRCP, Canada (Anes.), Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, The Medical College of Wisconsin (Retired), Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA Page 82 JEAN HORTON, M.B., B.S., FRCA, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom Page 146 DAVID JACKSON, M.D., Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Southwestern Medical Center, University of Texas, Dallas, Texas, USA Page 100 BOHDAN J. JAREM, M.D., Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Southwestern Medical Center, University of Texas, Dallas, Texas, USA Page 185 HAO JIANG, M.D., Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China Page 214 ROBERT J. T. JOY, M.D., FACP, Professor Emeritus, Department of Medical History, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Page 1 ROGER L. KLEIN, M.D., Clinical Associate Professor of Anesthesiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA Page 129 DAVID C. LAI, M.D., Instructor of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Attending Anesthesiologist, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Page 188 Z. LETT, M.D., FRCA, FFARCS (I), FANZCA, Formerly Reader in-charge Anaesthesia, Department of Surgery, the University of Hong Kong (Retired), Hong Kong, China Page 210 JOHN E.