The occurrence of Apoglossum and Delesseria (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) in South Africa M.J. Wynne Department of Botany, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg De/esseria papenfussii sp. nov., Apoglossum ruscifolium Introduction (Turn.) J. Ag. and A. spathulatum (Sand.) Warners. & Shepl. Some confusion has existed concerning the occurrence of (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta) are recognized as occurring in the red algal genera Apoglossum and Delesseria in South South Africa. Several differences exist to distinguish D. papenfussii from A. ruscifolium, although the former has Africa. The European Apoglossum ruscifolium (Turn.) J. been mistaken for the latter in the past. Both species occur in Ag. was first recorded from the Cape of Good Hope by the same cold water range, D. papenfussii apparently being Harvey (1847) as Delesseria ruscifolia. Barton (1893) also the much more common one of the two. Apoglossum indicated the presence of this species at Sea Point on the spathulatum, originally described from Western Austra lia, is a Cape Peninsula and on the Natal coast. Barton's list added warm water species ranging from the central Natal coast Delesseria imbricata Aresch. from Port Alfred and D. southward to Morgan Bay, Cape Province. ovifolia Suhr in Klitz. (Kutzing 1866) from the Cape. S. Afr. J. Bot. 1984, 3: 137-145 The former was later interpreted by Kylin (1924) to be Bartoniella crenata (J. Ag. ex Mazza) Kyl. rather than the Daar is vasgestel dat Delesseria papenfussii sp. nov., Australian Phitymophora amansioides (Sond.) Womersl. Apoglossum ruscifolium (Turn.) J. Ag. en A. spathulatum (Sand.) Warners & Shepl. (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta) in [formerly known as Phitymophora imbricata], whereas the Suid-Afrika voorkom. Verskeie verskille tussen D. papenfussii latter, which was assigned to Halicnide with a query by en A. ruscifolium bestaan waarmee hulle van mekaar De Toni (1900), is known apparently only from the original onderskei kan word alhoewel eersgenoemde in die verlede vir collection. laasgenoemde aangesien is. Die water waarin beide spesies Delf & Michell (1921) included an additional Delesseria, voorkom se temperatuur wissel tussen dieselfde lae limiete D. bartoniae Schmitz, which is a nomen nudum; this alga is maar D. papenfussii is skynbaar baie algemener as A. now known as Bartoniella crenata. Stephenson (1948) had ruscifo/ium. Apog/ossum spathu/atum is oorspronklik uit Wes­ the following entry: Australie beskryf. Dit is 'n warmwater spesie wat langs die kus vanaf sentraal Natal suidwaarts tot by Morganbaai in die 'Apoglossum ruscifolium (Turn.) J. A g. [Delesseria Ky linii Kaapprovinsie voorkom. Papenf. ined.] Port Nolloth to the west coast of the Cape 5.-Afr. Tydskr. Plantk. 1984, 3: 137-145 Peninsula ... ; probably in the western overlap too.' This citation indicates that the.alga known as A. ruscifolium Keywords: Apoglossum, Delesseria, marine algae, was regarded by Papenfuss as representing a new species of Rhodophyta, South Africa Delesseria. Papenfuss, however, never described this alga and the name D. Kylinii remains a nomen nudum. Simons (1976) included both Delesseria and Apoglossum as occurring in southern Africa but did not designate the species. Seagrief (1984) listed Apoglossum ruscifolium and the still poorly known Delesseria ovifolia, which Papenfuss (in !itt. to Seagrief) has suggested did not originate in South Africa. Results Apoglossum was first used by J. Agardh (1876) as a sub­ genus of Delesseria Lamouroux (1813) and was ultimately established as a distinct genus by J. Agardh (1898) with A. ruscifolium as the lectotype (Kylin, 1924). Although the M.J. Wynne two types of these genera, namely, D. sanguinea (Huds.) Permanent address: Division of Biological Sciences , Lamour. and A. ruscifolium, are easily distinguishable from University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 , one another, other species belonging to these genera at least United States of America superficially are not so readily assigned to a particular genus. Accepted 23 December 1983 For example, certain species currently assigned to Delesseria, 138 S.-Afr. Tydskr. Plantk., 1984, 3(3) such as the western North American D. decipiens J. Ag. and Table 1 Differences between Delesseria and the Japanese D. violacea (Harv.) Kyl. [now known as Apog/ossum (based on Kylin 1923) D. serrulata Harv.], have in the past been assigned to Apoglossum. Basically, these same problems of identification De/esse ria Apoglossum have occurred in relation to the material present in South Appearance of rhizoidal cells rhizoidal cells Africa. midrib cross-section intermingled among confined to either Apoglossum and Delesseria , both placed in the Delesseria large cells in the side of a central layer group, share a number of characteristics (Wynne 1983). centre of the axis of large cells Intercalary cell divisions are absent in the primary cell rows for both genera but do occur in cell rows of higher orders. Lateral nerves microscopic or microscopic Blades, except for the midribs and nerves, are mono­ macroscopic stromatic. Branching occurs from the midrib, very rarely Lateral pericentral transversely divided not transversely from the blade margins. Tetrasporangia and cystocarps are cells in sterile blades (several times) divided produced in proliferations arising along the midrib, rarely Manner of inter­ new cell cut off either new cell cut off only from lateral nerves. calary cell division distally or proximally distally Kylin (1956) used the organization of the midrib to dis­ tinguish the two genera: rhizoids growing in among the large Relationship of usually on the on the adaxial side cells at the centre of the midrib in Delesseria in contrast to fourth-order cells to abaxial side the condition in Apoglossum in which rhizoids form a small­ third-order cells celled tissue surrounding the large cells of the midrib. A Sterile groups of both groups with two both groups of a secondary difference, that of microscopic or macroscopic procarp or more cells single cell veins in Delesseria versus only microscopic veins in Apoglos­ sum, is obviously not a completely exclusive characteristic. When one refers to Kylin's (1923) earlier, more detailed most of the surface of blades of higher orders (Figure 3); account of the types of these two genera, it becomes female plants bearing 1-3 cystocarps per blade on both apparent that there are several features that distinguish ultimate and penultimate orders of branches (Figure 5); these two genera. These distinctions, summarized in Table peri carp spherical and smooth; tetrasporangial plants bearing 1, have been most useful in resolving the confusion that has linear sori of sporangia along midrib on both sides of blades existed in regard to the South African species. of higher orders (Figures 6 & 7); sporangia tetrahedrally Employing the criteria in Table 1 in an analysis of a divided, 46-56 f.Lill diam. number of collections, it is evident that Apoglossum ruscifo­ HOLOTYPE: Wynne 7359 male, in MICH, (Figure 1), leg. lium, A. spathulatum, and Delesseria papenfussii sp. nov. H. Stegenga & J. Bolton, 13.iv.1983, Kommetje, western are present in South Africa. Cape Peninsula, Cape Prov. , S. Africa; attached to rock in lower littoral into sublittoral. Key to South African species of Delesseria and Isotypes deposited in BOL, GRA, MICH, NU, and UC. Apoglossum: (BOL = Bolus Herbarium, Cape Town; GRA = Albany 1. L<1teral pericentral cells with transverse divisions; cross-section of Museum, Grahamstown; MICH =University of Michigan, midrib showing a mixture of large cells and small rhizoidal cells Ann Arbor; NU = University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg; De/esse ria papenfussii SRI in CT = Seaweed Research Institute, Botany Dept., 1. Lateral pericentral cells without transverse divisions; cross-section of midrib showing a layer of large primary cells and small rhizoidal Univ. of Cape Town; UC = University of California, cells covering the upper and lower sides 2 . Apoglossum Berkeley). Named in memory of George F. Papenfuss, who 2. Thalli smaller (0,5-1,1 em tall); tetrasporangial sori discrete, first recognized the distinctiveness of this species. circular in outline, located at the distal ends of blades . A. spathulatum Delesseria papenfussi sp. nov. 2. Thalli larger (2,5-4,5 em tall); tetrasporangial sori linear, run­ Plantae ex axibus erectis, robustis ramossissimos, 4,0- 6,0 ning indefinitely along the sides of the midrib . A. ruscifolium ( -9,0) em alt. constantes; ramificatio e costa, usque ad 5 ordines, plerumque alterne, necnon, autem, ex averso Delesseria papenfussii sp. nov. ordinata; laminae singularae nitidorubrae, 3,0-5,0 rum lat., Delesseria Kylinii Papenfuss ined. in Stephenson, 1948, p. 301. venis microscopicis, et valde constatae factae; alae laminarum Plants consisting of erect, robust, very densely branched vetustiorum erosae factae, axem ramosum cartilagineum axes (Figures 1 & 2) 4-6(9) em tall; branching from midrib, durum relinquentes, 1-2 rum lat., qui in systema basale to five orders, usually alternately but also oppositely hapteroideum confunditur; margines laminarum integri, arranged; individual blades bright red, 3,0-5,0 rum wide, undulati; laminae monostromaticae, venae microscopicae, with microscopic veins, and becoming strongly costate; autem, iuxta costam 3-cellulis crassae factae; venae ob wings of older blades eroding, leaving a tough, cartilaginous cellulas elongatas interconnexas irregulariter anastamosantes; branching axis, 1- 2 rum wide, which merges into a basal thalli dioicii; plantae masculae soros