Date Printed: 04/23/2009 JTS Box Number: IFES 68 Tab Number: 45 Document Title: Liberty Document Date: 1992 Document Country: Nigeria Document Language: English IFES ID: CE01277 -494C-II~ ~ I~" ~I~E ~I~A ,,~ E o .0 • Vol. 3 No, 3 July - September .1992 ISSN 1115-8522 Price: Five Nair" / THE ......PARADOX OF' REPARATIONS \ f' :\ \ ..i ~,. Article 1 All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rjghts. They are endowed includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit 01 community with others and in public or private, to manilest his religion or belief in brotherhood. teaching practice, wors~ip and observance. Article 2 Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedom sei forth in this Declaration, Article 19 without· distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right Includes poliUcal or other opinion, nalional, or social origin, property, birth or other status. freedom to hold opinions without inter1erence and to seek, receive and impart Furthermore. nO'distinction shall be made on the basis 01 the political. jurisdic­ information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers. tional or international status 01 the country or territory to whk:h a persop belongs, Article 20 .. whether it be independent, trust, non-self-; governing or under any othdr'iimitation 1. Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.' 01 sovereignty. 2. No one may be compelled to belong to an association. Article 3 Article 21 Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person. 1. Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country. directly or , Article 4 through freely chosen representatives. No one shall be held in slavery or servitude: slavery and the slave trade shall be 2. Everyone has the right to equal access to public service in his.country. prohibited in all their forms. 3. The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will "shall be expressed in periodic and genUine elections which shall be by universal Article 5 and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting No one shall be suqected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment procedures. or punishment. Article 22 Article 6 Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled Everyone has the righ~ to recognition everywhere as a person before the law. to realization, through national effort and in~ernational cooperation and in accor­ dance with the organisation and resources of each State, of the economic, social Article 7 an'd cullural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his All are equal before the law and are entitled without the discrimination to equal personality. protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any against any Article 23 discrimination in violation of this Decla,ration and against any incitement to such ,.. Everyone has right to work, to free choice of e,mployment, tojust andlavourable discrimination. conditions oJ work and to protection against unemployment. 2. Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to ~quar pay for equal work. Article B ·3. Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration ensuring Everyone has the righllo an effective remedy by the 'competent national'lribunals for himseif and his family and existence worthy of huwan dignity, and supple· for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law. mented, if necessary, by other means of social protection. 4. Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his Article 9 i?lerests. No one shall be suqecled to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile. Article 24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure~ 'including reasonable limitation 01 Article 10 working hours and periodic holidays with pay. Everyone is entitled in lull equality to a fair and public hearing by an independenl . Article 25 and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and 01 any 1. Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well· criminal charge against him. being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical Article 11 ~ care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of 1. Everyone charged wilh a penal oHence has ttie right 10 be presumed innocent 'lnemployment, sickness, disabilily, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the in circumstances beyond his control. guarantees necessary for his defence. 2. Motherhood and childhood are entitled to speCial care and assistance. All 2. No one shall be held guilty of any penal oHence, under national or international children, whether born in orout of wedlOCk, shall enjoy the same social protection. law, althe time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed Article 26 than the one that was applicable at the Hme the penal offence was committed. 1. Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Article 12 Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and No one shall be subjected 10 arbitrary inler1erence with his privacy, family, home higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit. or correspondence, norto attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has 2. Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality the right to the protection of the law against such inter1erence or attacks. and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. II shall promote understanding. tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial' Article 13 or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the 1. Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the Maintenance of peace. borders of each state. 3. Parents haye a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given 2. Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to' return to their children. to his country. Article 27 Article 14 1. Everyone has the rightlreely participate in the cultural life 01 the community, Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum Irom to er10Y the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits. persecution. This right may not be invoked in the case of persecutions genuinely 2. Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests arising 'rom non-political crimes or Irom acts contrary to the purposes and resulting from any scientific, literary or artisitic production of which he is the principles of the United Nations. author. Article 15 Article 28 1. Everyone has the right to nationality. Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and 2. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to freedoms set forth in Ihis Declaration can be fully realized. change his nationality. Article 29 Article 16 1. Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full 1.. Men and women of full age. without limitation dueto race, nationality or religion; development of his personality is possible: . have the right to marry to found a family. They are entilled to equal right as to 2. In the exercise of his rights·and freedoms. everyone shall be subject only to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution. such limitations as are determined by law solely lor the purpose of securing due 2. Marriage shall be entered into only.with the free and full consent of th? intending recognition and respect to,-the rights and freedoms 01 others and 01 meeting the spouses. just requirements 01 morality. public order and the general welfare in a democratic 3. The family is t~e natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entiteld society. " tp protection by society and the Stale. 3. These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the Article 17 purposes and principles of the United Nations. 1. Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with olhers. Article 30 2. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property. Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying lor any State. group, Article 18 person any right to engage in any activity or to per10rm any act aimed at the Everyone has th~ right to Ireedo',!l of thought, and religion; this right destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein. 2 " : : : . : . : .. , . : . CIVIL LIBERTIES ORGANISATION MISSION STATEMENT The Civil Liberties Organisation is a non-governmental, non-partisan, and voluntary UBERTY is the quarterly journal of the Civil Liberties Nigerian human rights league, Its purpose is the defence and expansion of the scope Organisation (CLO) published with the generel of the civil liberties of all residents in Nigeria. This is pursued by the investig­ purpose of furthering the aims and objectives 01 the ation of huma!) rights abuses and the publication of reports on them, as well as the body. In more specific terms, UBERTY aims to use of the law courts to seek redress for persons whose rights have been violated.