FISHERIES AND MARINE SERVICE Translation Series No. 4452 The history of the Lunz Lakes, bogs and forests by H. Gams Original title: Die Geschichte der Lunzer Seen, Moore und Walder Vorlaufige Mitteilung From: Int. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiol. Hydrogr. 18: 305-387, 1927 Translated by the Translation Bureau (OK) Multilingual Services Division • Department of the Secretary of State of Canada Department of the Environment Fisheries and Marine Service Freshwater Institute Winnipeg, Man. 1978 10d1 pages typescript DEPARTMENT OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE SECRÉTARIAT D'ÉTAT TRANSLATION BUREAU BUREAU DES TRADUCTIONS MULTILINGUAL SERVICES DIVISION DES SERVICES DiVISION CANADA MULTILINGUES CLMNrS NO. DEPARTMENT DI VI SI ON/BRANCH CI TV N° DU CLIENT MINISTÉRE DI VISION/DIRECTION VILLE 1486902 Environment Freshwater Institute Winnipeg Manitoba BUREAU NO. LANGUAGE TRANSLATOR (INITIALS) N° DU BUREAU LANGUE TRADUCTEUR ( INI TI ALES) 1 8 1979 1486902 German OK JAN GAMS , H.: "Die Geschichte der Lunzer Seen, Moore und Wglder, Vorlâufige Mitteilung," Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie, Band 18, pp. 305-387, 1927. [From the Biological Station Lunzl. With 4 PLATE Supplements and 12 TEXT Figures. 1 (305) H. GAMS (Wasserburg at Lake of Constance) THE HISTORY OF THE LUNZ LAKES, BOGS AND FORESTS Preliminary Communication With contributions by Fr. HUSTEDT (Bremen) and Fr. STEINECKE (KUnigsberg) INTRODUCTION During the period from 1906 to 1910 Mining Director GE,TZINGER has in- vestigated the morphometry of the Lunz Lakes in an exemplary manner and, fur- thermore, through quite a number of soundings, he has established the distri- bution of both the bottom surface sediments and the nonsedimented areas. Like Albert HEIM before him, GUTZINGER determined the rate of present-day sedimen- tation with the aid of mud chests. Even though the methods of that time per- mitted no more than a predominantly mechanical and chemical investigation of the superficial sedimentation, GUTZINGER yet suggested as early as in 1912 to obtain information "about the mode of sedimentation of mud in suspension, the nature of stratification, the velocity of sedimentation during the post-glacial period and also the amount of denudation and erosion in the catchment area of the lake through borings into suspended matter." But up to now this task has not been carried out for the mud in suspension. ED1r-:D TRAM For inTorrnMion ch.11%,e . TRADUCT'iON NON R. ';'.1i5F2 Information seu!arnant SOS-200-10-91 7530-21-029-5332 2 (305) A first period of research into the Lunz Lakes has been completed by the contributions published in the InternationaleRevue from 1912 to 1917. In the meantime many new problems have arisen and have partly found their so- lution with the aid of new research methods. The stratigraphy of the lakes in particular has been explored by L. VON POST, R.SANDEGREN and, mainly, by G. (306) LUNDQVIST and by H. THOMASSON, who linked it most closely with bog stratigra- phy; by elaborating the micropalaeontological methods worked out by C.A. WEBER and N.G. LAGERHEIM, they promoted these studies in a manner unsuspected up to quite recently and as yet little known outside of Scandinavia. Already prior to the War, SCHREIBER, ZAILER and WEBER had investigated many bogs of the Eastern Alps in a cursory, explorative manner and, during re- cent years, it was particularly Fr. FIRBAS who has greatly increased our know- • ledge about the structure and age of the East Alpine bogs, the silvan and cli- matic history of the Eastern Alps, by providing numerous random samples of pollen analyses. None the less, however, a systematically planned stratigra- phic investigation of Alpine bogs is still lacking; and above all, the boring technique and the analyses of microfossils by means of which chiefly LUNDQVIST has opened up entirely new ways for inquiries into the history of lakes have been applied - outside of Sweden - to a very small number of water bodies. Thus, in the Plattensee [Lake of Plattenl the 15 - 25 m long Yopre profiles drilled \\ Ç by the Balaton Commission (L6CZY 1916, TREITZ and others 1911) have been sub- jected only to a mechanical and chemical as well as qualitative analysis for diatoms (by PANTOCSEK). Beginnings of microstratigraphic investigations, how- ever, have been conducted, for example, at the Baldegg Lake, Zurich Lake (NIP- • KOW), plus Lake of Constance and Walchen Lake. 3 (306) During the first post-war years, after having repeatedly visited quite a number of Swiss and Bavarian bogs and having carried out a monographic inve- stigation of a smaller West Alpine area, I came to know many Scandinavian bogs, frequently in the company of Norwegian and Swedish friends; I also inspected Alpine bogs, beginning with Western Switzerland and then proceeding as far as to the Salzkaumiergut and the Lungau. Results of these studies have been partly incorporated in "Post-glacial dimatic changes and crustal Earth movements in Central Europe" (1923), written in conjunction with R. NORDHAGEN. In the fall of 1924 I began to study the higher vegetation of the Lunz Lakes and soon extended this research to the entire Dürrenstein area, paying a particular attention to the history of that vegetation as it can be reconstruc- ted from deposits in the bogs and lakes. The publications already on hand prove • that the region of the Lunz Lakes islmost highly suited for this type of studies; especially so subsequent to the newly published investigation by BREHM & RUTTNER of the biocoenoses of the Lunz water bodies. Thanks to the support by the Kai- (307) ser Wilhelm Gesellschaft zur Fiirderung der Wissenschaften [KAISER WILHELM SO- CIETY for the Promotion of Sciences 1 and the NOTGEMEINSCHAFT der Deutschen Wis- senschaft [Emergency Society for German Sciencesl, chiefly, however, due to the quite extraordinary obligingness of the [Lunzl Station Director Professor Dr. F. RUTTNER and his technical coworkers Karl HERRMANN and Joseph AIGNER, this my research has already progressed to a point where it appears desirable that cer- tain results of a general interest should already be published now; thereby I could simultaneously repay at least a part of my debt of gratitude to the above- named gentlemen and other workers of the Lunz Station. Among these personali- • ties Dr. F. HUSTEDT has assisted me through determinations of fossil diatoms 4 • (307) Dr. F. STEINECKE through identifications of recent and fossil algae, rhiseods and Rotatoria; Prof. Dr. A. THIENEMANN through determinations of some fossil larvae of the Chironomidae; Dr. E. WASMUND through the analysis of a drill pro- file from the Rehberg Bog; Miss S. RUOFF and Dr. H. WALTER helped me in com- piling the inventories of vegetation. In this latter work I was also allowed to (308) use photographs by Prof. Dr. KNOLL. I am furthermore obliged to Prof. RUTTNER and Mr. H. KRAWANY for the photographs added here. The publication in this pa- per of a few maps and bore profiles is intended to chiefly aid the above-named as well as other coworkers in their future research activities. It will yet re- quire several years of effort to complete the research program as planned. • F i g . 1 . Drilling of 'i ore profile E from the ice of the Untersee [Lower Lakel. In the background Seehof, spikes of Maiss Mountain and • the Scheiblingstein. - Phot. H. G A M S. 4 March 1927. 5 • (308) Both during the compilation of vegetational inventories plus mappings as well as during drilling activities through bogs, from the quaking moss car- pet of the Obersee [Upper Lunz Lakel and the ice cover of the Untersee [Lower Lunz Lake], I have been using measurement lines of a 200 m length. The peat auger for drillings, constructed by K. HERRMANN essentially after the HILLER model and manipulated by K. HERRMANN and J. AIGNER during every yearly season with an undiminished working enthusiasm (see F i g . 1 ), has a 50 cm long chamber, a 3 cm clear-diameter drill hole, plus 10.5 m tubing, so that, for in- stance, the yearly layers of varved clays and numerous macrofossils can be ex- tracted uninjured from depths of up to 11 m. The methods of investigation as such are the same as used by the Swedish bog geologists, so that it will suf- fice to refer the reader to the representations of LUNDQVIST in the Textbook • of Abderhalden (1926) and in LUNDQVIST's "BinnengewNsser" [Inland Watersl of 1927. THE COLUMNAR `BORE PROFILES OF LUNZ the shore banks of the Untersee [Lower Lakel Up to now we have tyre profiles taken from the ice of the following shore spots (cf. the maps of GUTZINGER in InternationaleRevue of 1912, Plate 18; 1926 [XVI, 5/6 ] , pp. 284): Northern bank between P. VI and VII (profile 11 of map p. 284 at the fisher house Deuretsbacher), designated as A and Da - Dd . (The point profiles A, B and C were drilled in March 1925, the line profiles D, E, F in March 1927; • from the former samples were removed at intervals of only every 50 cm, from 6 • (308) the latter at every 25 cm, or spaced yet nearer to each other). Northern bank between P. XIII & XIV through the bog at the Steinbauern- line, designated as E - E a d (see F i g . 1 ). Southern bank at P. III at the Schlegelberg, designated as B and F - a F (point B lies somewhat more to the east than F and F , hence falls out of c b c the line profile F but has yet been marked into it, as seen in F i g . 2 . Southern bank at P. IX, near the fish tank, designated as C. All of the line profiles run nearly accurately N - S, perpendicularly to the length axis of the lake and also the direction of the prevailing west- (309) erly wind.