Integrating Land Use and Water Resources: Planning to Support Water Supply Diversification Project #4623A Integrating Land Use and Water Resources: Planning to Support Water Supply Diversification ©2018 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED About the Water Research Foundation The Water Research Foundation (WRF) is a member-supported, international, 501(c)3 research cooperative that advances the science of water to protect public health and the environment. Governed by utilities, WRF delivers scientifically sound research solutions and knowledge to serve our subscribers in all areas of drinking water, wastewater, stormwater, and reuse. Our subscribers guide our work in almost every way—from planning our research agenda to executing research projects and delivering results. This partnership ensures that our research addresses real-world challenges. 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These volunteers represent many facets of the water industry, and contribute their expertise to select and monitor research studies that benefit the entire One Water community. Research results are disseminated through many channels, including reports, the website, webcasts, workshops, and periodicals. More information about WRF and how to become a subscriber is available at www.WaterRF.org. ©2018 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Integrating Land Use and Water Resources: Planning to Support Water Supply Diversification Prepared by: Rebecca Fedak, Shelby Sommer, and Derek Hannon Brendle Group, 212 West Mulberry Street, Fort Collins, CO 80521 and Drew Beckwith, Amelia Nuding, and Linda Stitzer Western Resource Advocates, 2260 Baseline Road #200, Boulder, CO 80302 Sponsored by: Water Research Foundation 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO 80235 Published by: ©2018 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED DISCLAIMER This study was funded by the Water Research Foundation (WRF). WRF assumes no responsibility for the content of the research study reported in this publication or for the opinions or statements of fact expressed in the report. The mention of trade names for commercial products does not represent or imply the approval or endorsement of WRF. This report is presented solely for informational purposes. Copyright © 2018 by Water Research Foundation ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this publication may be copied, reproduced or otherwise utilized without permission. ISBN 978-1-60573-322-7 Printed in the U.S.A. ©2018 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ vii FOREWORD ................................................................................................................................. ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... xi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... xiii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND ............................................................ 1 Alternative Water Supplies ................................................................................................. 1 The Importance of Integrated Planning .............................................................................. 3 Organization of Report ....................................................................................................... 3 CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH APPROACH ...................................................................................... 5 Literature Review................................................................................................................ 5 Stakeholder Engagement .................................................................................................... 5 Survey ..................................................................................................................... 5 Interviews ................................................................................................................ 6 Focus Groups .......................................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER 3: ANALYSIS AND RESULTS ................................................................................. 9 Why Collaborate – Drivers and Benefits ............................................................................ 9 When to Collaborate ......................................................................................................... 12 Coordinated Plans ..................................................................................................13 Coordinated Regulations ........................................................................................14 Coordinated Review Processes ..............................................................................14 Barriers and Solutions to Integration ................................................................................ 15 The Role of Other Stakeholders ........................................................................................ 18 Third-Party Facilitators/Coordinators ....................................................................19 Developers .............................................................................................................19 Case Studies of Integration at Work ................................................................................. 20 Integrated Planning Resources .......................................................................................... 22 Literature Review and Case Study Database .........................................................22 Coordinated Planning Guide ..................................................................................22 CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................ 23 Conclusions ....................................................................................................................... 23 Water and Land Use Planners Are Coordinating, but There Is Room and Desire for Improvement ........................................................................................23 The Benefits of Coordination Tend to Outweigh the Challenges/Costs ................23 The Scale at Which Alternative Water Supplies Are Developed Implies Different Land Use Planning Coordination ...............................................24 v ©2018 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Institutionalized Coordination between Water and Land Use Planners Is a Key Solution to a Primary Barrier .....................................................................24 There Is Significant Potential and Desire to Better Integrate Alternative Water Supplies into the Land Use Planning Process ............................................24 Recommendations ............................................................................................................. 25 Coordinate Long-Range Plans ...............................................................................25 Coordinate Codes and Regulations ........................................................................25 Coordinate Development Review Processes .........................................................26 APPENDIX A: SURVEY ON WATER UTILITY AND LAND USE PLANNING COLLABORATION, SURVEY INSTRUMENT ............................................................ 27 APPENDIX B: SURVEY ON WATER UTILITY AND LAND USE PLANNING COLLABORATION, SURVEY SUMMARY ................................................................. 45 APPENDIX C: CASE STUDY INTERVIEW TEMPLATE ....................................................... 75 APPENDIX D: CASE STUDY SUMMARIES ........................................................................... 79 APPENDIX E: FOCUS GROUP INTERVIEW TEMPLATE ................................................... 107 APPENDIX F: FOCUS GROUP SUMMARY .......................................................................... 109 GLOSSARY ............................................................................................................................... 117 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................... 121 ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................................... 123 vi ©2018 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED LIST OF TABLES 3.1 Topics of potential collaboration,