Timothy Brooks SID: 310245435 Early Japanese Urbanism. A Study of the Urbanism of Proto-historic Japan and Continuities from the Yayoi to the Asuka Periods. Daisen Kofun, believed to be the tomb of Emperor Nintoku. It is the largest keyhole shaped tomb found and is located southern Osaka. Timothy Brooks 2013 1 Timothy Brooks SID: 310245435 Table of Contents List of Figures ..................................................................................................................... 4 Chapter One ............................................................................................................................ 6 Abstract. .............................................................................................................................. 6 Acknowledgments. .............................................................................................................. 6 Geographical Setting ........................................................................................................... 7 Japanese Proto-history ......................................................................................................... 7 Scope ................................................................................................................................. 12 Limitations ........................................................................................................................ 12 Conventions ....................................................................................................................... 13 Structure of the Thesis ....................................................................................................... 13 Chapter Two.......................................................................................................................... 15 The Problems of Categorisation ......................................................................................... 16 Japanese Urbanism ............................................................................................................ 19 Previous Studies on Japanese Pre- and Proto-history ......................................................... 20 The Yamatai Debate .......................................................................................................... 23 Japanese Periods as Discursive Spaces .............................................................................. 25 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................... 28 Chapter Three ........................................................................................................................ 29 Overview of traditional periods being studied ................................................................... 29 Continuity .......................................................................................................................... 33 Tools .................................................................................................................................. 33 Pottery ............................................................................................................................... 34 Burials ............................................................................................................................... 39 Yayoi Period burials. ......................................................................................................... 40 Kofun Period burials .......................................................................................................... 41 Asuka Period burials. ......................................................................................................... 43 Economy............................................................................................................................ 44 Conclusions ....................................................................................................................... 46 Chapter Four ......................................................................................................................... 48 General Yayoi Patterning................................................................................................... 48 Yayoi Period Structures ..................................................................................................... 51 Kofun Settlement Patterning .............................................................................................. 52 2 Timothy Brooks SID: 310245435 Kofun Period Structures .................................................................................................... 54 Asuka period Settlement Patterning ................................................................................... 56 Asuka Period Structures. ................................................................................................... 57 Settlement in the Nara Basin.............................................................................................. 58 Specific Sites in the Nara Basin ......................................................................................... 59 Saki. ................................................................................................................................... 60 Makimuku. ......................................................................................................................... 61 Asuka ................................................................................................................................ 62 Naniwa. ............................................................................................................................. 65 Conclusions ....................................................................................................................... 66 Chapter Five .......................................................................................................................... 68 Conventional Views of the Development of Japanese Culture and the Periodization Problem ............................................................................................................................. 68 The Kofun Period problem ................................................................................................ 68 Possible reasons for lack of Asuka period data .................................................................. 70 The issue of the Yamato Period ......................................................................................... 70 Periodization and the issue of state development in Japan ................................................. 71 Early Urbanism in Japan .................................................................................................... 72 Fujiwara ............................................................................................................................. 73 Heijo and beyond ............................................................................................................... 75 The Issue of low-density dispersed urban environments .................................................... 77 Conclusions -looking at early Japanese urbanism .............................................................. 78 English Reference List. ......................................................................................................... 80 Japanese Bibliography ........................................................................................................... 82 Appendix. .............................................................................................................................. 83 Continuity. ......................................................................................................................... 83 Tools. ................................................................................................................................. 83 Pottery. .............................................................................................................................. 84 Burials. .............................................................................................................................. 86 Settlement. ......................................................................................................................... 87 Yayoi. ................................................................................................................................ 87 Kofun................................................................................................................................. 89 Asuka................................................................................................................................. 92 3 Timothy Brooks SID: 310245435 List of Figures Fig. 1.1: Map of the Kansai/Kinai region within Japan. Fig. 1.2: Map of Osaka and Nara Basins. ........................................................ 7 Fig. 1.3: Map of Road system (in red) and Fujiwara. ........................................................................................................................................ 10 Fig. 2.1: Yellow Sea Interaction Sphere. ........................................................................................................................................................... 20 Fig. 3.1: Tools from Initial Yayoi to Late Asuka periods. ................................................................................................................................