ISSN: 2587-1218 A Peer Review International E-Journal on Cyberpolitics, Cybersecurity and Human Rights i www.cyberpolitikjournal.org 2020 Summer Cyberpolitik Journal Vol. 5, No. 9 www.cyberpolitikjournal.org ISSN: 2587-1218 ABOUT THE JOURNAL Editor-in-Chief / Editör: Prof.Dr. Nezir Akyeşilmen ( Selçuk University) Associate Editor / Eş-editör: Prof.Dr. Bilal Sambur (Yıldırım Beyazıt University) Assistant Editors / Yardımcı Editörler: Assist. Prof.Dr. Vanessa Tinker (Ankara Sosyal Bilimler University) (Turkey) Dr. Mehmet Emin Erendor (Çukurova University)(Turkey) Book/Article Reviews - Kitap/Makale Değerlendirme Özgün Özger (Association for Human Rights Education) Adem Bozkurt (Association for Human Rights Education) Mete Kızılkaya (Association for Human Rights Education) Editorial Board: Prof. Pardis Moslemzadeh Tehrani ( University of Malaya) ( Malaysia) Prof. Hüseyin Bağcı (Middle East Technical University) ( Turkey) ii Prof. Javaid Rehman (SOAS, University of London) (UK) Prof.Dr. İhsan D. Dağı (Middle East Technical University) ( Turkey) Prof. Dr. Murat Çemrek(Necmettin Erbakan University)(Turky) Prof. Dr. Fuad Jomma ( University of Szczecin)(Poland) Assist. Prof. Murat Tümay ( School of Law, Istanbul Medeniyet University) (Turkey) Dr. Carla Buckley (School of Law, University of Nottingham) (UK) Dr. Lella Nouri (College of Law and Criminology, Swansea University)(UK) International Advisory Board: Prof. Michael Freeman (University of Essex) (UK) Prof.Dr. Ramazan Gözen (marmara University)(Turkey) Prof. Dr. Mohd Ikbal Abdul Wahab ( International Islamic University of Malaysia)( Malaysia) Prof. Dr. Farid Suhaib ( International Islamic University of Malaysia) ( Malaysia) 2020 Prof Dr Sandra Thompson ( University of Houston)(USA) Prof Mehmet Asutay ( University of Durham)(UK) Prof.Marco Ventura(Italia) Summer Cyberpolitik Journal Vol. 5, No. 9 www.cyberpolitikjournal.org ISSN: 2587-1218 Prof. F. Javier D. Revorio (University Lamacha Toledo)(Spain) Prof. Andrzej Bisztyga (Katowice School of Economics)(Poland) Prof. Marjolein van den Brink (Netherland) Owner/Sahibi On behalf of Association for Human Rights Education / İnsan Hakları Eğitimi Derneği adına Prof. Dr. Nezir Akyeşilmen Peer Review All articles in this journal have undergone meticulos peer review, based on refereeing by anonymous referees. All peer review is double blind and submission is online. All submitted papers (other than book and article reviews) are peer reviewed. The Journal The languages of the Journal are both Turkish and English. ISSN 2587-1218 iii Cyberpolitik (CP) aims to publish peer-reviewed scholarly articles and reviews as well as significant developments regarding cyber world, cybersecurity, cyberpolitics and human rights. Indexing/Endeksler Cyberpolitik Journal is being indexed by; * Academia Social Science Index (ASOS), * Scientific Indexing Services (SIS), * Eurasian Scientific Journal Index (ESJIndex), * Index Copernicus International (ICI), (ICV 2017=64.65) * Directory of Research Journal Indexing (DRJI). * JournalITOCs. 2020 * Open-Web.info. * Google Scholars Summer Cyberpolitik Journal Vol. 5, No. 9 www.cyberpolitikjournal.org ISSN: 2587-1218 Issue Referees / Sayı Hakemleri Prof.Dr. Bilal Sambur Prof. Dr. Nezir Akyeşilmen Assoc. Prof.Dr.Yusuf Çınar Assist. Prof./ Dr. Öğr. Ü. Murat Tümay Assist. Prof.Dr. Mehmet Emin Erendor Assistant Prof.Dr. Ali Burak Darıcılı Assistant Prof.Dr. Ayşegül Güler Assist. Prof.Dr. Duygu Özlük Assist. Prof.Dr. Kürşat Kan Assist. Prof.Dr. Demet Şefika Mangır Dr. Ayşe Yaşar Ümütlü Dr. Begüm Burak Cyberpolitik consists of the following sections: Research Articles: Each Volume would publish a selection of Articles covering aspects of iv cyber politics and human rights with a broad universal focus. Comments: This section would cover recent developments in the field of cyber politics and human rights. Book/Article Reviews: Each Volume aims to review books on cyber politics, cybersecurity and human rights. Cyberpolitik Award: Each year one ‘Cyberpolitik’ prize will be awarded, for the best article from material published in the previous year. 2020 Summer Cyberpolitik Journal Vol. 5, No. 9 www.cyberpolitikjournal.org ISSN: 2587-1218 Contents / İçindekiler EDITORIAL PREFACE ________________________________________________________ vii RESEARCH ARTICLES / ARAŞTIRMA MAKALELERİ __________________________________ 1 THE DECONSTRUCTION OF NATION-STATE POWER AND THE MATERIALIZATION OF CYBER- STATES ____________________________________________________________________ 2 Jonathan F. LANCELOT ABD İLE BİRLEŞİK KRALLIK’IN AB VE NATO ÇERÇEVESİNDE SİBER ALANLARININ TARİHSEL ANALİZİ __________________________________________________________________ 22 Muharrem BAYRAK CYBER POLITICS VISION DOCUMENT GUIDELINE FOR POLITICAL PARTIES _____________ 52 Nezir AKYEŞİLMEN SİYASİ PARTİLER İÇİN SİBER SİYASET VİZYON BELGESİ REHBERİ______________________ 70 Nezir AKYEŞİLMEN COVİD-19 İLE MÜCADELE SIRASINDA GÜNEY ASYA’DA SİBER GÜVENLİK VE İNSAN HAKLARI v _________________________________________________________________________ 88 Kamil TARHAN TÜRKİYE’NİN SİBER GÜVENLİK POLİTİKALARI ___________________________________ 113 Hilal Başak KILCI OPINIONS / YORUMLAR ____________________________________________________ 141 ETHICAL AND LEGAL QUESTIONS FOR IMPLANTABLE BODY CHIPS __________________ 141 Ayşe Yaşar ÜMÜTLÜ A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF CYBERSECURITY NEWS IN TURKISH MEDIA ______ 152 Begüm BURAK ARTICLE AND BOOK REVIEWS / MAKALE VE KİTAP İNCELEMELERİ __________________ 167 DİJİTAL SAVAŞLAR: APPLE, GOOGLE, MİCROSOFT VE İNTERNET SAVAŞI ______________ 168 Muharrem BAYRAK 2020 GELECEĞİN SUÇLARI: DİJİTAL DÜNYANIN KARANLIK YÜZÜ ________________________ 173 Muhammed Resul EROĞLU Summer Cyberpolitik Journal Vol. 5, No. 9 www.cyberpolitikjournal.org ISSN: 2587-1218 SAVAŞIN GELECEĞİ: 21. YÜZYILDA GÜÇ, TEKNOLOJİ VE AMERİKAN DÜNYA EGEMENLİĞİ 178 İsmail Kerem KARSLI NOTES FOR AUTHORS / YAZARLAR İÇİN NOTLAR ________________________________ 183 vi 2020 Summer Cyberpolitik Journal Vol. 5, No. 9 www.cyberpolitikjournal.org ISSN: 2587-1218 EDITORIAL PREFACE Dear Readers, We are proud to present to you the nineth issue of the Cyberpolitik Journal. It is a great honor for all of us to continue our journey that we started five years ago without interruption. As the digital world grows every day and every second, new developments and new technologies emerge, we are trying to read and understand this area within our limitations. This volume deals with a number of topics ranging from cyber-state, US and EU cybersecurity, cyber politics vision documents for political parties, usage of technology in combat against Covid-19 to the usage of body chips. There are also rich content in this issue and research that will increase the question marks in our minds. But in this brief discussion, I would like to discuss the impact of cyberspace on dictatorship. The concepts of digitalization, cyber, cyberspace or cyber technology, which are largely identified with the internet, have been used extensively in almost every field from social vii sciences, natural science, medicine to computer science. Cyber technology, which is getting popular day by day, is in essence neither good nor bad. Like every vehicle, good results can be obtained if used for good, and bad results can be obtained if used for evil. Therefore, cyber technology can be used as a tool to consolidate democracy in the political sphere, or it can be used to deepen the dictatorship or to create a surveillance society. In the early days, the Internet was perceived as a means of liberation, democratization, transparency, freedom of expression and an open society. Opening the millions of documents from war crimes to censorship, secret deals to perception operations by Wikileaks and the Snowden case, which deciphered the online intelligence activities of different countries, especially the USA and the UK, and the positive role played by the social media in the Arab Spring had fed this perception. Internet was a beautiful tool that empowered the individual, compelled administrations to be transparent and served the open society. Was there an open society utopia that Democrats had dreamed of for centuries? Global optimism in this regard 2020 gave hope to the masses. But over time, this optimistic perception has weakened, and almost the Internet has become a broader means of cyber surveillance. Summer Cyberpolitik Journal Vol. 5, No. 9 www.cyberpolitikjournal.org ISSN: 2587-1218 With the proliferation of (in)cybersecurity activities and studies, it was realized that this journey also extends to a dystopia at the same time. In short, while dreams were an open society, the reality pointed to dystopia. Online intelligence activities, the fact that the right to private life can be easily violated, censorship, restriction of freedom of expression with a click of a button, the formation of a surveillance society rather than an open society has prompted political scientists to ask different questions and new concerns. Today, 85% of online intelligence activities are carried out by state bodies to monitor societies. Only 8% is done for commercial purposes and the remaining 7% is for different purposes such as entertainment, theft, etc. Indeed, considering the adware coming to your phones is a small proportion of the intelligence activities performed, the dimensions of online surveillance will be better understood. Second, you need to forget the principle of privacy when connected to the Internet. Nothing can be secretly done on the Internet.