Algae Volume 22(3): 167-183, 2007 Chlorococcales (Chlorophyceae) of Eastern and North-eastern States of India Mrutyunjay Jena and Siba Prasad Adhikary* P. G. Departments of Botany and Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar-751004, India Fifty-six taxa of chlorococcales were recorded from different water bodies of eastern and north-eastern states of India. These belong to 21 genera, e.g. Chlorococcum (1), Truebaria (1), Pediastrum (9), Hydrodictyon (1), Botrycoccus (1), Coenochloris (1), Radiococcus (1), Coenocystis (1), Oocystis (1), Glaucocystis (1), Chlorella (1), Kirchneria (2), Kirchnereilla (1) Ankistrodesmus (10), Coelastrum (3), Actinastrum (2), Tetrastrum (1), Crucigenia (1), Crucigeniella (1) Desmodesmus (6) and Scenedesmus (9). All these species were recorded first time from this region and out of these 16 species reported first from India. Key Words: Chlorococcales, fifty-six taxa, freshwater, India, Orissa reservoir, river, stream, moist soil surface and water- INTRODUCTION logged rice fields from Orissa, West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland and Manipur during the period There are few published records on the chlorococcales from October 2003 to March 2007. The location of each flora of India. Till date a total number of 101 species of site was determined with Garmin 12 GPS receiver (Table chlorococcales belonging to 18 genera have been report- 1). Samples were collected using plankton net (25 µm ed from various regions of the country (Philipose 1967; pore size) and stored in sterilized Tarson specimen tubes. Chadha and Pandey 1977; Patel and Isbella 1977; Kant Samples were kept in cool ice chest while being trans- and Anand 1978; Isacs and Hegde 1980; Patel and ported to the laboratory. After initial observation of the George 1982; Sengar and Sharma 1982; Padey et al. 1983; materials were fixed in Lugol’s iodine solution (0.5%) for Patel and George 1988a, 1988b; Hegde 1990; Patel and immobilizing the cells to facilitate microscopic examina- Daniel 1990; Srivastava and Odhwani 1990; Jose and tion. Each sample was assigned with a voucher number Patel 1992; Chaturbedi and Habib 1996; Habib et al. 1998; along with the date of collection, preserved in (4% v/v) Tarar and Bodke 1998; Habib and Chaturbedi 2000, formaldehyde and deposited at the department of 2001; Tiwari et al. 2001). Eastern and north eastern part of Botany, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar. Temperature, India possess bountiful of freshwater bodies including pH and conductivity of each collection site was mea- several rivers, lakes, reservoirs, ponds, streams, canals sured on the spot using portable thermometer, pH meter and waterlogged rice fields. However, the freshwater (131E electronics, India) and conductivity meter (621E, algal forms including chlorococcales flora of this region Electronics, India) respectively. Microphotograph of each has not been documented. In this paper we reported for specimen was taken using Meiji trinocular research the first time the chlorococcalean taxa from eastern and microscope fitted with Nikon coolpix 4500 digital cam- north-eastern states of India. era. The organisms were identified following the mono- graphs of Prescott (1961), Philipose (1967), Anand (1998), MATERIALS AND METHODS Hegewald and Silva (1988), Hindák (1977, 1980, 1984, 1988), Komárek and Fott (1983), Komárek and Jankovska Totally 80 samples were collected from 64 sites com- (2001) and research publications on chlorococcales from prising of various habitats, e.g. sewage, pond, ditch, India. The taxa were arranged following Komárek and Fott (1983). *Corresponding author ([email protected]) 168 Algae Vol. 22(3), 2007 Table. 1. List of the sites of collection showing latitude, longitude, voucher number, nature of the habitat/area (approx.) in hectare Station no.(S) Place of collection Latitude Longitude Voucher no. Habitat/area 1 Satsanga vihar, Bhubaneswar, Orissa 20° 20’ 4.4” N 85° 44’ 88” E B 33 Small pond (0.25 ha) 2 Nicco park, Acharya vihar, Bhubaneswar 20° 17’ 07”N 85° 50’ 39.3” E B107 Small garden tank 3 Acharya vihar, Bhubaneswar 20° 17’ 7.8” N 85° 50’ 59.3”E B110 Sewage tank (small) 4 Rameswar temple tank, Khurda, Orissa 20° 19’ 54.6”N 85° 59’ 83.1” E 144B Pond (1 ha) 5 Kathajodi river, Cuttack, Orissa 20°27’ 28”N 85° 52’ 46.6”E 240,244, 246,249 Perennial River 6 Manguli Dam, Cuttack, Orissa 20° 27’ 27”N 85° 52’ 41.6”E 547 Reservoir (20 ha) 7 Niali, Jagatsingpur Orissa 20° 07’ 41.1”N 86° 08’ 48.6”E 89 Pond (2 ha) 8 Gopinathpur, Jagatsingpur, Orissa 20° 19’ 07.9”N 86° 11’ 39.3” E 88 Pond (1 ha) 9 Maniakati, Ganjam, Orissa 19° 48’ 78.8”N 84° 22’ 46.3”E 107 Pond (1 ha) 10 Nirmalajhara, Ganjam, Orissa 19° 36’ 14.1”N 85° 04’ 03” E 125 Perennial stream 11 Chikiti, Ganjam, Orissa 20° 32’ 23.2”N 83° 24’ 42.0”E 737, 750 Pond (small) 12 Stream,Shilong, Meghalaya 25°20’ 20.3”N 91° 43’ 46.1”E 351 Perennial stream 13 River Mahanadi, Sambalpur, Orissa 21°26’ 59.2”N 84° 00’ 12.6”E 436 Perennial river 14 Road side, Padpadar, Baragarh, Orissa 21°19’ 52.3”N 83° 37’ 13”E 444 Temporary water pool 15 Padpadar, Baragarh, Orissa 21°19’ 58.4”N 83° 37’ 10.6”E 445 Pond (0.5 ha) 16 Garabandha,Gajapati, Orissa 18° 51’ 06.7”N 84° 12’ 8.8”E 617 Pond (0.25 ha) 17 Lanjigada, Kalahandi, Orissa 19° 42’ 22.9”N 83° 22’ 03.7”E 675 Pond (0.25 ha) 18 Lunung, Similipal Biosphere Reserve, 22° 06’ 15”N 86° 31’ 11”E 762 Perennial stream Mayurbhanj, Orissa 19 Joranda, Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Orissa 22° 12’ 21”N 86° 28’ 31”E 763 Perennial stream 20 Nawna, Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Orissa 22° 09’ 23”N 86° 30’ 21”E 764 Pond (0.25 ha) 21 Khairi rever , Similipal Biosphere Reserve, 22° 15’ 20”N 86° 34’ 23”E 766 Perennial river Orissa 22 Bhandan river, Similipal Biosphere Reserve, 22° 19’ 23”N 86° 29’ 27”E 767 Perennial river Orissa 23 West Deo river, Similipal Biosphere, Orissa 22° 10’ 27”N 86° 38’ 40”E 769 Perennial river 24 Rice field, Bhogarai, Balasore, Orissa 21°54’ 36.4”N 87° 21’ 05.1”E 197 Rice field (0.2 ha) 25 Krishna sayar park, Burdwan, West bengal 23° 14’ 86.3”N 87° 50’ 89.1”E 700,701, 702 Pond (2 ha) 26 Santiniketan, Birbhum, West bengal 23° 39’ 39.6”N 87° 42’ 20.8”E 711 Pond (1 ha) 27 Kalnabipass, Assam, Burdwan, West Bengal 23° 41’ 28.8 “N 86° 59’ 38”E 861 Polluted canal 28 Brahmaputra river, Guwahati, Assam 26° 10’ 49”N 91° 40’ 17.1”E 919, 920 Perennial river 29 Barik nagar, Cachar, Assam 24° 44’ 3.5”N 92° 47’ 32.2”E 933, 934 Small pond (0.5 ha) 30 Silkuri, Cachar, Assam 24° 43’ 49.8”N 92° 47’ 16”E 946, 948 Small pond (0.5 ha) 31 Silkuri, Near Baramhaha Mandir, Cachar, 24° 43’ 49.3”N 92° 47’ 15.3” E 950 Pond (3 ha) Assam 32 Machhghat, Silchar, Cachar, Assam 24° 42’ 25”N 92° 46’ 06.1” E 963, 964 Puddle (0.2 ha) 33 Irongmona gaon, Silchar, Cachar, Assam 24° 40’ 59.2”N 92° 44’ 32.2”E 967, 968 Pond (0.5 ha) 34 Roskendi, Tea garden, Silchar, Assam 24° 41’ 12.2”N 92° 43’ 22.3” E 970 Pond (1 ha) 35 Dobanki (island) Tiger reserve, Sudarban, 21° 59’ 21”N 88° 45’ 17.4”E 978, 979 Small pond (0.2 ha) West Bengal 36 Pakhirala, South 24-Parganas, West Bengal 22° 07’ 47.8”N 88° 49’ 21.9” E 985, 987 Small pond (0.25 ha) 37 Pakhirala, South 24-Parganas, West Bengal 22° 07’ 47.8” N 88° 49’ 21.9” E 988 Temporary water pool 38 Masjidbadi, South 24-Parganas, West Bengal 22° 10’ 36” N 88° 46’ 20.16”E 994 Small pond (0.3 ha) 39 Kalibartala, South 24-Parganas, West Bengal 22° 14’ 24.7”N 88° 41’ 32.7”E 1007 Temporary water pool 40 Sultanpur, Diomand habour, South 24- 22° 10’ 27.1” N 88° 12’ 15.5”E 1018 Sewage Temporary Parganas, West Bengal polluted water) 41 Ratneswarpur, Diomand habour, South 24- 22° 11’ 34.8”N 88° 12’ 36.3”E 1025 Small pond (0.5 ha) Parganas, West Bengal 42 Sultanpur, Diomand habour, South 24- 22° 19’ 11.4” N 88° 12’ 12.8”E 1028 Temporary water pool Parganas, West Bengal 43 Chiranjibipur, Haldia Purba Medinipur, 22° 03’ 13.1” N 88° 05’ 31.6”E 1047 Temporary water pool West Bengal 44 Sciencity, Salt lake, Kolkata, West Bengal 22° 32’ 29.7” N 88° 23’ 47.4”E 1068, 1069 Drain (Polluted water) Jena & Adhikary: Chlorococcales from India 169 Table. 1. (continued) Station no.(S) Place of collection Latitude Longitude Voucher no. Habitat/area 45 Danuswari river, Dimapur, Nagaland 25° 54’ 46.8” N 93° 44’ 36.1” E 1084 Perennial river 46 Purana Bazar, Dimapur, Nagaland 25° 53’ 44.4” N 93° 45’ 16.7”E 1089 Small pond (0.5 ha) 47 Green park, Dimapur, Nagaland 25° 51’ 30.7”N 93° 45’ 50.7”E 1099 Temporary water pool 48 Green park, Dimapur, Nagaland 25° 51’ 30.7” N 93° 45’ 50.7”E 1101 Temporary water poo 49 Imphal river, Imphal, Manipur 24° 48’ 09”N 93° 56’ 53”E 1112, 1113 Perennial river 50 Loktak lake, Sedra, Manipur 24° 30’ 26.7”N 93° 47’ 04.1”E 1118 Largest lake (87.000 sq. miles) 51 Dikho river, Sibsagar, Assam 26° 58’ 30”N 94° 37’ 46.9”E 1133 Perennial river 52 Jaysagar, Jorhat, Assam 26° 57’ 12.3”N 94° 37’ 37.4”E 1134, 1135 Pond (5 ha) 53 Road side canal, Jaysagar, Jorhat, Assam 26° 57’ 12.3” N 94° 37’ 37.4”E 1140 Canal (flowing water) 54 Jaji river, Jorhat, Assam 26° 50’ 49.6” N 94° 26’ 30.7”E 1144 Perennial river 55 Mahi lake, Kajiranga National Park, Assam 26° 36’ 41.1” N 93° 22’ 40.5”E 1148 Lake (70 ha) 56 Kaulimardi lake, Kajiranga Nation Park, 26° 38’ 45.3” N 93° 20’ 51.7”E 1149 Lake (50 ha) Assam 57 Diffolo river, Kajiranga National Park, 26° 38’ 45.3” N 93° 20’ 51.7”E 1153 Perennial river Assam 58 Dhonsiri river, Numaligarh, Assam 26° 27’ 51.4” N 93° 43’ 46.4”E 1160, 1162 Perennial River 59 Brahmaputra river, Namati, Jorhat, Assam 26° 51’ 34.5” N 94° 14’ 48.9” E 1167 Perennial River 60 Brahmaputra river, Majuli river island, 26° 52’ 49” N 94° 12’ 55.7”E 1170 Perennial River Assam 61 Sri Sri Aunikati Sastra, Majuli river island, 26° 56’ 18.3” N 94° 07’ 24.0”E 1178 Small pond (0.5 ha) Assam 62 Kamadubedi, Jorhat, Assam 26° 56’ 18.3” N 94° 07’ 24.0”E 1179 Small pond (0.5 ha) 63 Brahmaputra river, Fancy Bazar, Guwahati, 26° 5’ 52.7 “N 91° 30’ 23.7”E 1187, 1188 Perennial River Assam 64 Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Orissa 20° 20’ 6.4” N 85° 44’ 48” E 541 Temporary water pool Scenedesmus pseudopoliensis Hortobagyi are reported first RESULTS AND DISCUSSION time from India.