A Gendered Assessment of the EELY Programme in Gilgit, Baltistan and Chitral Frida Khan, June 2016 Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................4 Conceptual Framework ..............................................................................................................................................4 The Wider Context......................................................................................................................................................7 Geographical isolation ........................................................................................................................................7 Market Access ....................................................................................................................................................8 Road and Air links ...............................................................................................................................................9 CPEC ....................................................................................................................................................................9 Skills and employment .................................................................................................................................... 10 Climate ............................................................................................................................................................. 11 Limited employment opportunities ................................................................................................................ 11 Political disadvantage ...................................................................................................................................... 12 Religious Radicalisation ................................................................................................................................... 13 Mapping Empowerment.......................................................................................................................................... 13 The Reproductive Role ............................................................................................................................................ 14 Summary ............................................................................................................................................................. 14 The Current Situation ......................................................................................................................................... 14 Housework and Family care ............................................................................................................................ 14 Marriage vs Education ..................................................................................................................................... 15 Support from family members and the community ........................................................................................ 15 Conflation of productive and reproductive work ............................................................................................ 15 Interventions under EELY having an impact on the Reproductive Sphere ....................................................... 15 Training reflects gender roles .......................................................................................................................... 15 The effect of interventions in other roles on women’s reproductive work ................................................... 16 Changing men. ................................................................................................................................................. 17 A wider understanding of women’s needs and expectations in the reproductive sphere ............................. 17 Religion and the reinforcement of stereotypes in gender roles ..................................................................... 17 Recommendations to strengthen WEE through interventions in the reproductive sphere ............................ 17 Business solutions to address practical gender needs in the reproductive sphere ........................................ 17 Challenging misconceptions about women’s work......................................................................................... 18 Media for development messaging ................................................................................................................. 18 Stimulating the wider debate .......................................................................................................................... 19 1 | P a g e The Productive Role................................................................................................................................................. 21 Summary ............................................................................................................................................................. 21 The current situation .......................................................................................................................................... 21 Mismatch between education and employment ............................................................................................ 21 Mismatch between training and employment. ............................................................................................... 22 Business Training ............................................................................................................................................. 23 Career Guidance .............................................................................................................................................. 23 Enabling Environment for training and employment ...................................................................................... 23 Interventions under EELY having an impact on the Productive Sphere ........................................................... 24 Vocational Training .......................................................................................................................................... 24 Enterprise Development Training ................................................................................................................... 26 The limitations of micro-enterprises ............................................................................................................... 27 Youth Internship .............................................................................................................................................. 28 Early Childhood Development Training ........................................................................................................... 29 Women’s Only Markets ................................................................................................................................... 29 Recommendations to strengthen WEE through interventions in the productive sphere ............................... 30 Advanced and supplementary training ........................................................................................................... 30 Improve quality of results from training by engaging professional designers. ............................................... 30 Unconventional trades .................................................................................................................................... 31 Improve pre-training and post-training activities ........................................................................................... 31 Professional Internships and Professional Women’s Associations ................................................................. 31 Business training .............................................................................................................................................. 32 Training families or pairs ................................................................................................................................. 33 Teacher Training .............................................................................................................................................. 33 New training courses ....................................................................................................................................... 33 Labour laws ...................................................................................................................................................... 37 Gendered Assessment of CPEC risks and opportunities ................................................................................. 37 The Community Management and Political Participation Spheres ........................................................................ 39 Summary ............................................................................................................................................................. 39 The Current Situation ......................................................................................................................................... 39 Grassroots development organisations .......................................................................................................... 39 Political participation 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