ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE U.S.S.R. FAUNA OF U.S.S.R. CRUSTACEA Volume X No 3 mm ANOMURA BY V. V. MAKAROV TRANSLATED FROM RUSSIAN V PITBTISHEO FOP THE NATTONAT SCIENCE FOUNDATION, WASHINGTON D. C., AND THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION BY THE ISRAEL PROGRAM FOR SCIENTIFIC TRANSLATIONS ZOOLOGICHESKII INSTITUT AKADEMII NAUK SSSR Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R. New series No. 16 FAUNA OF U.S.S.R. (Fauna SSSR) Academician S. A. Zernov, Chief Editor A. A. Shtakel'berg, Editor CRUSTACEA (Rakoobraznye) Vol. X, No. 3 V. V. Makarov Anomura Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR Moskva 1938 Leningrad Translated from Russian Published for the National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C., by the Israel Program for Scientific Translations Jerusalem 1962 OTS 60-21822 Published for THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION, WASHINGTON, D. C., and THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, U. S. A. by THE ISRAEL PROGRAM FOR SCIENTIFIC TRANSLATIONS Copyright © 1962 Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd. Translated by F. D. Por, M. Sc. , Department of Zoology, The Hebrew University Printed in Jerusalem by S. Monson PST Cat. No. 225 Price $3. 00 Available from the Office of Technical Services, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington 25, D. C. CONTENTS English page Foreword 1 Systematic index of the species 2 Introduction 6 Special section 46 I. Superfamily Thalassinidea 47 1. Family Axiidae 48 2. Family Callianassidae 50 II. Superfamily Galatheidea 77 3. Family Galatheidae 79 4. Family Porcellanidae 101 III. Superfamily Hippidea 109 5. Family Albuneidae 110 IV. Superfamily Paguridea 113 6. Family Pylochelidae 114 7. Family Paguridae 118 8. Family Lithodidae 221 Index of Latin names 274 Plates 278 NOTE. Page numbers appearing in the left-hand margin of the translation correspond to page numbers in the Russian text. FOREWORD This volume deals with one pf the large taxonomic divisions of the Decapoda, viz. ,the Anomura, the hermit crabs. The following volume deals with the Brachyura, the true crabs. The volume treating of the more pri- mitive groups of the Decapoda has been delayed, since the publication of some works is expected, in which many new species from the USSR are described; without them, the respective volume on the "Fauna of the USSR" would be incomplete. This is also the reason why some changes have been made in the systematic order of the publication of the volumes dealing with the Decapoda. The early publication of the volume devoted to the Anomura was also determined by the fact that this group includes a number of com- mercial items. In the introduction, a short anatomomorphological outline and also very succinct data are given on the biology and zoogeography of the Anomura. Owing to its specific character, the data on the family Paguridae are pre- ceded by a special introduction, in which its anatomy is examined in greater detail, while in the general introduction, the external morphology and some general problems (ecology, economic importance, phylogeny) of the group are especially stressed. In the zoogeographical outline of the Paguridae the localities of the fauna studied in this volume are listed; for some spe- cies, the types of which are preserved in the Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, the limit on the western shores of North America extends somewhat south of Kodiak Island, as far as Sitka. The collections of the Academy of Sciences studied are chiefly those from the seas of the Soviet Far East; the most important are the collections ofl.G. Voznesenskii (1840), Petelin (1852), A. A. Bunge (1897-1898); P.Yu. Shmidt (1900, 1901, 1929, 1933), V.K. Brazhnikov (1899, 1908- 191*0), N. Smirnov and A. Begak (1907-1910), F. A. Derbek (1908-1913), B. A. Geineman (1909-1910), V.K. Arsen'ev (1910-1911), L. M. Starokadomskii (1911-1913, 1934), E.E. Arnol'd (1911), F.P. Ryabushinskii (1911), E.K. Suvorov (1911), M.N. Pavlenko and V.K. Soldatov (1911 — 1915), Myaskovskii (1912), the collections of the Hydro- graphic Expedition of the Eastern Ocean (1914—1925) and that of Roshkovskii (1917). With regard to the Black Sea, there are the collections of K. P. Yagodovskii (1908) and S.A. Zernov (1908—1911). The illustrations are by the artist N. Kondakov and the photographs by the author. V. Makarov 1 SYSTEMATIC INDEX OF THE SPECIES Superfamily Thalassinidea l. Family Axiidae _ .. , „ English Russian 1. Genus Axiopsis Borradaile page page 1. A. princeps (Boas) 49 48 2. Family Callianassidae Bate 1. Genus Upogebia Leach 1. U. littoralis (Risso) 52 52 2. U. major (de Haan) 54 54 3. U. yokoyai nom. nov 57 57 4. U. issaeffi (Balss) 59 59 2. Genus Callianassa Leach 1. C. subterranea (Montagu) 63 63 2. C. harmandi Bouvier 66 66 3. C. gigas eoa nom. nov 67 68 4. C. japonica (Ortmann) 69 70 5. C. californiensis bouvieri nom. nov 71 72 6. C. pontica (Czerniavsky) 73 73 3. Genus Cienocheles Kishinouye 1. C. balssi Kishinouye 75 76 Superfamily Galatheidea 3. Family Galatheidae 1. Genus Calathea Fabricius 1. G. strigosa (Linne) 82 83 2. G. acanthomera Stimpson 85 86 3. G. integra Benedict 87 88 j 4. G. pubescens Stimpson 88 91 2. Genus Munida Leach 1. M. bamffica (Pennant) 91 93 2. M. japonica Stimpson 97 2 English Russian 3. Genus Munidopsis Whiteaves page page 1. M. beringana Benedict 98 101 4. Genus Cervimunida Benedict 1. C. princeps Benedict 100 103 4. Family Porcellanidae 1. Genus Porcellana Lamarck 1. P. longicornis (Pennant) 104 107 2. P. longimana Risso • 106 110 2. Genus Pachycheles Stimpson 1. P. stevensii Stimpson 107 111 Superfamily Hippidea 5. Family Albuneidae 1. Genus Blepharipoda Randall 1. B. japonica Durufle Ill 115 Superfamily Paguridea 6. Family Pylochelidae 1. Genus Mixtopagurus Milne Edwards 1. M. jeffreysii (Miers) 115 120 7. Family Paguridae 1. Genus Diogenes Dana 1. D. edwardsii (de Haan) 150 158 2. D. penicillatus Stimpson 150 159 3. D. varians (Costa) 151 160 2. Genus Clibanarius Dana 1. C. misanthropus (Risso) 153 162 2. C japonicus Rathbun 154 163 3. Genus Paguristes Dana 1. P. digitalis Stimpson 156 166 2. P. setosus (Milne Edwards) 158 167 4. Genus Dardanus Paulson 1. D. arrosor (Herbst) 159 168 5. Genus Pagurus Fabricius 1. P. middendorffii Brandt 165 174 2. P. gilli (Benedict) 166 176 3. P. cavimanus (Miers) 169 178 3 English Russian page page 4. P. tenuimanus (Dana) 169 179 5. P. hirsutiusculus (Dana) 171 181 6. P. bernhardus (Linne) 173 183 7. P. gracilipes (Stimpson) 175 185 8. P. beringanus (Benedict) 176 186 9. P. dubius (Ortmann) 178 188 10. P. samuelis (Stimpson) 179 189 11. P. cornutus (Benedict) 181 191 12. P. undosus (Benedict) 182 192 13. P. tanneri (Benedict) 184 194 14. P. anomalus (Balss) 185 196 15. P. splendescens Owen 187 197 16. P. ochotensis Brandt 199 16a.P.ochotensis aleuticus (Benedict) 192 202 17. P. rathbuni (Benedict) 193 203 18. P. granosimanus (Stimpson) 194 205 19. P. dalli (Benedict) . 196 206 20. P. pubescens Kroyer 197 208 21. P. brachiomastus (Thallwitz) 200 211 22. P. lanuginosus de Haan 201 212 23. P. armatus (Dana) 202 213 24. P. pectinatus (Stimpson) 203 214 25. P. obtusifrons (Ortmann) 205 216 26. P. setosus (Benedict) 206 216 27. P. kennerlyi (Stimpson) 207 218 28. P. capillatus (Benedict) 208 219 29. P. constans (Stimpson) 210 221 6. Genus Parapagurus Smith 1. P. pilosimanns Smith 212 223 2. P. mertensii Holmes 214 226 7. Genus Orthopagurtis Stevens 1. O. minimus (Holmes) 216 227 2. O. schmitti (Stevens) 217 229 8. Genus Spiropagurus Stimpson 1. S. spiriger (deHaan) 219 231 8. Family Lithodidae 1. Genus Hapalogaster Brandt 1. H. grebnitzkii Schalfeew 224 236 2. H. mertensii Brandt 226 238 3. H. dentata (de Haan) 227 239 2. Genus Dermaiurut Brandt 1. D. mandtii Brandt 229 242 3. Genus Oedignathus Benedict 1. O. inermis (Stimpson) 231 244 4 English Russian 4. Genus Placeiron Schalfeew Pp8e page 1. P. wosnessenskii Schalfeew 233 246 5. Genus Phyllolithodes Brandt 1. P. papillosus Brandt 238 251 6. Genus Paralithodes Brandt 1. P. camtschatica (Tilesius) 241 254 2. P. platypus Brandt 243 257 3. P. brevipes (Milne Edwards & Lucas) 246 262 7. Genus Lithodes Latreille 1. L. aequispina Benedict . 250 264 2. L. maja (Linne) 252 267 3. L. coaesi Benedict 255 270 8. Genus Paralomis White 1. P. multispina (Benedict) 257 272 2. P. verrilli (Benedict) 258 273 9. Genus Rhinolithodes Brandt 1. R. wosnessenskii Brandt 260 275 10. Genus Sculptolithodes Makarov 1. S. derjug-ini Makarov 262 277 11. Genus Lopholiihodes Brandt 1. L. raandtii Brandt 266 280 12. Genus Cryptolithodes Brandt 1. C. sitchensis Brandt 268 284 2. C. typicus Brandt 270 286 3. C. expansus Miers 271 287 5 1 INTRODUCTION The Decapoda studied in this volume can be divided into two groups ac- cording to their external appearance. The members of the first group have a shrimplike body (resembling the Macrura), while those of the second group are crablike*. This habitus is determined firstly by the form of the carapace and by the position of the abdomen. In members of the first group, the carapace is elongated and more or less laterally compressed; the ab- domen is also elongated and not bent under the cephalothorax. In members of the second group, the carapace is broad and compressed in a dorsoventral plane, and the abdomen%is shortened and bent under the cephalothorax. The superior surface of the carapace is smooth only in rare cases; it is usually covered with various ornamentations-transverse furrows or crests, blunt tubercles or pointed spines, squamate processes, or finally outgrowths and hollows of greatly varied forms.