a- THE WILSON QUARTERLY -- ummertime-and the listening is lively! Help keep your mind in shape this summer with thoughtful conversations on key international and domestic topics. Look for these upcoming programs in August on Dialogue: Week of July 31-August 06 "The Books of Anchee Min" Week of August 07-13 "Money Sings: The Changing Politics of Post-Soviet Urban Space" Week of August 14-20 "Her Excellency: America's Women Ambassadors" Week of August 21-27 "Theft of an Idol: Ethnicity, Communalism, and Violence in India" Week of August 28-September 03 "Stepfamilies and the Law" For stations and airtimes near you, contact: 202/287-3000 x325 (E-mail: [email protected]) from THE WOODROW WILSON CENTER FOR SCHOLARS Distributed by Public Radio International DIALOGUE, THE WOODROW WILSON CENTER, SUITE 704,901 D ST., SW WASHINGTON, DC 20024 SUMMER 1995 THE WILSON QUARTERLY Published by the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars 8 LEARNING FROM THE FIFTIES by Alan Ehrenhalt Many Americans long for the virtues of the 1950s-community, security, certainty. To retrieve them, they will have to reconsider their allegiance to other cherished values. 40 THECRISIS OF CONTEMPORARYSCIENCE Daniel J. Kevles David L. Goodstein J. Michael Bishop Science in America is in trouble. No longer assured of boundless federal support, scientists, our authors report, are also encountering redun- dancy in their ranks and hostility from a scientifically illiterate public. 30. The Death of Hume by Stephen Miller The philosopher's death in 1776 rekindled the debate, lasting to this day, over the link between morality and religion. 66. The Paradox of Yeltsin's Russia by S. Frederick Starr 100. From the Heart of the Heart Of the Former Yugoslavia by Ljiljana Smajlovic 114. How to Build a Suburb by Witold Rybczynski DEPARTMENTS 2. Editor's Comment 127. Periodicals 4. At Issue 154. Research Reports 74. Current Books 156. Commentary 94. Poetry 160. From the Center Cover: Elementary school students perform a daily ritual of the 1950s, pledging allegiance to the flag. Printed in the U.S.A. The views expressed herein are not necessarily those of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. USPS 346-670 AI',\ VOL. XIX NO. 3 TheWilson Quarterly (ISSN-0363-3276)is published in January (Winter),April (Spring),Jiily(Summer),and October (Autumn)by the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars at 901 D Street S.W., Suite 704, Washington, D.C. 20024. Indexed biennially. Subscriptions: one year, $24; two years, $43. Air mail outside U.S.: one near, $39; tzw wars, $73. Single copies mailed upon request: $7; outside U.S. and possessions, $8; selected back issues: $7, including postage and handling; outside P.O. Box 420406, Palm ~oast,"~~32142-0406. (subscriber hot line: 1-800-829-5108.)~ostmaster: Send all address changes to The Wilson ~uarterl;~.~.B& 420406, Palm Coast, FL 32143-0406. Microfilm copies are available from University Microfilms International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106. U.S. newsstand distribution by Eastern News Distributors, Inc., 2020 Superior Street, Saiidusky, Ohio 44870 (for information, call 1-800-221-3148). Editor: Jay Tolson Deputy Editor: Steven Lagerfeld Managing Editor: James H. Carman he Jefferson Lecture, sponsored annually by the Na- Senior Editor: Robert K. Landers tional Endowment for the Humanities, was delivered Literary Editor: James M. Morris this past May by the renowned architectural historian Associate Editor: Diantha Parker T Poetry Editor: Anthony Hecht Vincent Scully. It was a riveting master-class, alternately pas- sionate and witty, but many in the audience noted the piquant Copy Editor: Vincent Ercolano irony of the setting: the John F. Kennedy Center for the Per- Design Consultant: Tawney Harding forming Arts. The Center is a structure of formidable modernist Contributing Editors: Linda Colley, pretensions, and Scully's speech was, among other things, a Denis Donoghue, Max Holland, Walter devastating critique of the Modem Movement and its baleful Reich, Alan Ryan, Charles Townshend, influence on the fabric of American communities. Alan Wolfe, Bertram Wyatt-Brown Speaking with the self-deprecating wisdom of a lapsed Researchers: Genevieve E. Abravanel, modernist, Scully detailed the ways the great figures of the Jessica J. Cohen, Natalie C. Gill, movement, from Le Corbusier to Frank Lloyd Wright, elevated Robert G. Hargrove, Laura K. Smid originality above all concerns for physical and human context. Librarian: Zdenek V. David But as well as describing what the modernists did wrong, Editorial Advisers: K. Anthony Appiah, Scully pointed to the work of a younger generation of architects Mary B. Bullock, Robert Darnton, who have lately been reorienting their craft in encouraging Nathan Glazer, Harry Harding, ways. This generation, he noted, is respectful of historical Elizabeth Johns, Michael Lacey, John traditions and local architectural vernacular; it is mindful of R. Lampe, Jackson Lears, Robert human scale and the requirements of a healthy civic space. Litwak, Frank McConnell, Richard We at the WQ were gratified to hear Scully endorsing Rorty, Blair Ruble, Ann Sheffield, views that have frequently been expressed in our pages, in S. Frederick Starr, Joseph Tulchin some cases by the very architects he extolled. We point with Founding Editor: Peter Braestrup particular pride to the seminal essay, "The Second Coming of Publishing Director: Warren B. Syer the American Small Town," by the husband-wife team of Publisher: Kathy Read Andres Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk (Winter '92). An- Business Manager: Suzanne Napper other contributor on the built environment, Witold Rybczynski, Circulation Director: Rosalie Bruno returns in this issue with an essay from his forthcoming book Direct advertising inquiries to: on the distinctiveness of American urban and suburban design. Bob Rosen Kalish, Quigley & Rosen, Inc. In addition to its own strengths, Rybczynski's essay provides a 850 Seventh Avenue fitting companion to our cover story, "Learning from the New York, N.Y. 10019 Fifties," which considers other ways Americans might go TEL: (212) 399-9500 about repairing their communities. FAX: (212) 265-0986 WOODROW WILSON INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR SCHOLARS Smithsonian Institution Building, Washington, D.C. Charles Blitzer, Director Congress, The Director of the U.S. B. dark, William T.Coleman, Jr., Michael Samuel F. Wells, Jr., Deputy Director Information Agency, The Archivist of the D. DiGiacomo, Donald G. Drapkin, Dean W. Anderson, Deputy Director United States. Private Citizen Members: Raymond A. Guenter, Robert R. Harlin, for Planning and Management James A. Baker JII, Joseph A. Cari, Jr., Jean James A. Harmon, William A. Hewitt, L. Hennessey, Gertrude Himrnelfarb, James H. Higgins, Eric Hotung, Frances BOARD OF TRUSTEES Carol Iannone, Eli Jacobs, Paul Hae Park, Humphrey Howard, Donald M. Kendall, Joseph H. Hom, Chairman S. Dillon Ripley. Designated by the Christopher Kennan, Donald S. Lamm, Dwayne 0. Andreas, Vice Chairman President: Anthony Lake. Harold Levy, Plato Malozemoff, Edwin S. Ex Officio Members: The Secretary of Marks, Deryck C. Maughan, C. Peter State, The Secretary of Health & Human THE WILSON COUNCIL McColough, James D. McDonald, Martha Services, The Secretaryof Education, The Albert Abramson, J. Burchenal Ault, T. Muse, David Packard, L. Richardson Chairman of the National Endowment Charles F. Barber, William J. Baroody, Jr., Preyer, Robert L. Radin, Edward V. Regan, for the Humanities, The Secretaryof the Theodore C. Barreaux, Conrad Cafrik, Raja W. Sidawi, Ron Silver, William A. Smithsonian Institution, The Librarian of Edward W. Carter, Albert V. Casey, Peter Slaughter, Herbert S. Winokur, Jr. The Wilson Center has published the Quarterly since 1976. It also publishes Wilson Center Press books, special reports, and a series of "scholars' uides" designed to help researchers find their wa through the vast archival riches of the nation's capital. All this is part of the ~ikon~enter'sspecial mission as thenation's unusua~"livingmemorial"to the 28thpresident of the United States. Congress established the Center in 1968 as an international institute for advanced study, "symbolizin and strengthening the fruitful relation between the world of learning and the world of public affairs."The Center opened in 1970 ungr its own presidentially appointed board of trustees, headed by former vice president Hubert H. Humphrey. Chosen in open annual worldwide competitions, some50 Fellows at the Center carry out advanced research, write books, and join in discussions with other scholars, public officials, journalists, and business and labor leaders. The Center is housed in the original Smithsonian "castle" on the Mall. Financing comes from both private sources and an annual congressional appropriation. 2 WQ WINTER 1995 THEMIND OF DAVIDHUME A Companion to Book I of "A Treatise of Human Nature" OLIVERA. JOHNSON "This book will richly reward the attention not only of Hume scholars, but ofanyone interested in the history of modern philosophy and the history of ideas." - Robert H. Hurlbutt 111, author of Hume, Newton, and the Design Argument Cloth, $59.95; Paper, $24.95 LENIN, HEGEL,AND WESTERNMARXISM A Critical Study KEVIN ANDERSON "Today Lenin looks like he did little more than prepare the way for Stalin. You will find the opposite view in this novel study. I recommend the book to MAKING SENSE OF NIETZSCHE anyone seriously interested in Russia and revolution." - George Uri Fischer, Reflections Timely and Untimely author of he Soviet system andModern Society Cloth, $49.95;I'aper, $15.95 RICHARD SCHACHT In these essays Nietzsche emerges as a "genuine NIETZSCHE'SREVALUATION philosopherx-one of those rare thinkers whose thought opens the way to new understanding of A Study in Strategies things of great importance. Cloth, $49.95; Paper, $17.95 "An exemplary argumentation that Nietzsche scholars will find provocative and non-experts will find clear and informative." - Kathleen Higgins, author of Nietzsche's "Zarathustra" Illus. Cloth, $37.50; Paper, $19.95 Knowledge and Belief in America Enlightenment Traditions and Modern Religious Thought Funding the American State, William M.