A STUDY ON PREFERENCES TO DIFFERENT READING AND WRITING MOTIVES OF TRIBAL CHILDREN IN PRIMARY EDUCATION OF TRIPURA AND MANIPUR PROJECT REPORT 2004-2006 Debdulal Dutta Roy & Rumki Gupta PSYCHOLOGY RESEARCH UNIT INDIAN STATISTICAL INSTITUTE 203, B.T. Road Kolkata - 700 108 March 31, 2006 1 Contents List of Tables ...................................................................................................................... 5 List of Figures..................................................................................................................... 8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................................. 9 ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................... 11 CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION..................................................................................... 12 National policy on Education for Tribals...................................................................... 12 Paradigm shift in Primary Education............................................................................ 14 Theories of Reading and Writing Motivation............................................................... 14 Primary education among Tribal people in NER.......................................................... 16 Literacy ..................................................................................................................... 17 Drop out .................................................................................................................... 18 Enrollment................................................................................................................. 18 Objectives ..................................................................................................................... 19 CHAPTER II :BRIEF DESCRIPTION ABOUT STATES AND COMMUNITIES....... 23 TRIPURA ..................................................................................................................... 23 Sample Districts........................................................................................................ 23 West Tripura ......................................................................................................... 23 South Tripura ........................................................................................................ 23 Dhalai District....................................................................................................... 24 Tribal Communities of Tripura................................................................................. 24 Tripuri ................................................................................................................... 24 Reangs/ Riangs...................................................................................................... 25 Chakmas................................................................................................................ 25 Jamatia .................................................................................................................. 26 Halams .................................................................................................................. 26 MANIPUR .................................................................................................................... 26 Sample Districts........................................................................................................ 26 Churachandpur District......................................................................................... 27 Senapati District:................................................................................................... 27 Ukhrul District: ..................................................................................................... 27 Tribal Communities of Manipur ............................................................................... 27 Mao ....................................................................................................................... 27 Thadou .................................................................................................................. 28 Tangkhul ............................................................................................................... 28 Hmar ..................................................................................................................... 29 Paite....................................................................................................................... 29 CHAPTER III : METHODS............................................................................................. 34 Sampling ....................................................................................................................... 34 Selection of Sample Schools and Samples ............................................................... 34 Measures ....................................................................................................................... 35 Personal Schedule ..................................................................................................... 35 Reading Motive preferences ..................................................................................... 35 Writing Motivation ................................................................................................... 35 2 Analysis of Data............................................................................................................ 35 CHAPTER IV : RESULTS............................................................................................... 46 READING MOTIVE PREFERENCES IN TRIPURA ................................................ 46 Analysis of Variance................................................................................................. 46 Cluster Analysis........................................................................................................ 46 Relation to Age, Sex and Grade................................................................................ 46 Relation to Socio-Economic Conditions................................................................... 47 CHAPTER V : RESULTS................................................................................................ 52 READING MOTIVE PREFERENCES IN MANIPUR.............................................. 52 Analysis of Variance................................................................................................. 52 Cluster Analysis........................................................................................................ 52 Relation to Age, Sex and Grade................................................................................ 52 Relation to Socio-Economic Condition .................................................................... 53 CHAPTER VI : RESULTS............................................................................................... 58 WRITING MOTIVE PREFRENCES IN TRIPURA ................................................... 58 Analysis of Variance................................................................................................. 58 Cluster Analysis........................................................................................................ 58 Relation to Age, Sex and Grade................................................................................ 58 Relation to Socio-Economic Condition .................................................................... 59 CHAPTER VII : RESULTS ............................................................................................ 63 WRITING MOTIVE PREFRENCES IN MANIPUR .................................................. 63 Analysis of Variance................................................................................................. 63 Cluster Analysis........................................................................................................ 63 Relation to Age, Sex and Grade................................................................................ 63 Relation to Socio-Economic Condition .................................................................... 64 CHAPTER VIII : RESULTS........................................................................................... 70 STATE WISE DIFFERENCES IN READING MOTIVE PREFERENCES............... 70 MANOVA................................................................................................................. 70 State........................................................................................................................... 70 Grades ....................................................................................................................... 70 State and Grade......................................................................................................... 70 State, Sex and Grade................................................................................................. 70 CHAPTER IX : RESULTS.............................................................................................. 78 STATE WISE DIFFERENCES IN WRITING MOTIVE PREFERENCES ............... 78 MANOVA................................................................................................................. 78 State..........................................................................................................................