71 pages including cover Knowledge Digest for IT Community VOLUME NO. 44 | ISSUE NO. 7 | OCTOBER 2020 50/- ISSN 0970-647X www.csi-india.org ROBOTICS INVITED ARTICLE Titbit from the History of Computing-15 06 COVER STORY TECHNICAL TRENDS A complete conspectus of Robotics and Automation 11 Role of Sensors in Robotics 33 RESEARCH FRONT SPECIAL ARTICLE Artificial Intelligence and Robotics: Java celebrates its Silver Jubilee 43 A Research Overview 24 Know Your CSI Executive Committee (2020-21/22) President Vice President cum President Elect Hon. Secretary Mr. R K Vyas Dr. Anil Kumar Saini Dr. Vipin Tyagi (E) [email protected] (E) [email protected] (E) [email protected] Hon. Treasurer Immd. Past President Dr. Durgesh Mishra Prof. A K Nayak (E) [email protected] (E) [email protected] Regional Vice-Presidents Region-I (2019-21) Region-II (2020-22) Region-III (2019-21) Region-IV (2020-22) Mr. Arvind Sharma Md. Shams Raza Mr. Jayant Bhide Mr. Mukesh Kumar (E) [email protected] (E) [email protected] (E) [email protected] (E) [email protected] Region-V (2019-21) Region-VI (2020-22) Region-VII (2019-21) Mr. M. S. Prasadbabu Mr. Pradeep Rathi Prof. Dr. M Sundaresan (E) [email protected] (E) [email protected] (E) [email protected] Division Chairpersons Division-I (2019-21) Division-II (2020-22) Division-III (2019-21) Dr. P. Sakthivel Prof. Suresh Chand Tyagi Vacant (E) [email protected] (E) [email protected] [email protected] Division-IV (2020-22) Division-V (2019-21) Dr. B. Chidhambararajan Dr. Subhash Chandra Yadav (E) [email protected] (E) [email protected] Nomination Committee (2020-2021) Mr. Anand Rao Mr. Anil Ji Garg Dr. Sharvari C Tamane (E) [email protected] (E) [email protected] (E) [email protected], [email protected] From the Desk of Chairman, Publication Committee Dear Fellow Members, than these. Over the years, technology wise, lots of developments have taken place Greetings. world over. New subjects like Data Analytics, Data Science have been introduced. We need to catch up with these developments and forge ahead. The three publications of CSI viz., CSIC, Journal of Computing Prof. V. Rajaraman whose highly informative and knowledge oriented articles and CSI Adyayan are coming out well. Thanks to Prof. A. K. Nayak. are being published in CSIC, has written an excellent up-to-date informative book titled: When we go back in the memory lane, the development of Groundbreaking Inventions and Communications Technologies. The tiltle of the book Computer Technology in India dates back to around 1950s. The itself speaks as to what this book is about. A review of this book appears in CSIC. advent of IBM 1401 was around 1959. This computer was aimed at replacing unit record equipment for processing data stored on punched cards and at Mark Zuckerburg - Originator of Face Book: providing peripheral services for larger computers. Subsequently, IIT Kanpur got an IBM One of the most recognized names in the field of IT is Mark Zuckerburg. He is the 1620 in 1965 and an IBM 7044 a year later. These institutions became a hub for India’s founder of the most widely used social networking tool of our era viz., Face Book. Today first breed of programmers. the platform has become a place for friends and families to connect themselves, and Many of us used to perform scientific computations using IBM 1620. For solving businesses to build brand identity and engage with customers. complex problems we used to go to IIT Madras where IBM 370 (successor to IMB I do hope that these contributions of legends in Computer Technology will 360 series) was available. Indian Institute of Science (IISC) and India Meteorological motivate our student community/professionals. Department (IMD) Delhi were having CDC supercomputer Cray. The main credit of introducing super-computers goes to the inventor of CDC - 6600, Seymour Cray. The With best compliments CDC 6600, released in 1964, is generally considered the first supercomputer. Dr. D. D. Sarma Nowadays an advanced desk top/laptop computer is as powerful or even more Chief Scientist (R), CSIR-NGRI, Hyderabad CSI COMMUNICATIONS VOLUME NO. 44 • ISSUE NO. 7 • OCTOBER 2020 Chief Editor PROF. (DR.) S S AGRAWAL CONTENTS Director General KIIT Group, Gurgaon Invited Article F. Emeritus Scientist & Advisor CDAC, (N) Titbit from the History of Computing-15 06 V. Rajaraman Editor Nuances of National Education Policy-2020 in Modern Era 08 DR. RITIKA WASON Sanjay Kumar and A. K. Nayak Bharati Vidyapeeth’s Institute of Cover Story Computer Applications and Management A complete conspectus of Robotics and Automation 11 (BVICAM) A. R. Revathi and P. Rajalakshmi E-mail: [email protected] The Building Blocks of Robotics 15 Published by Himani Mittal AKSHAYA KUMAR NAYAK ROBOTICS: Building Alternate Humans 16 Pradnya Hukkeri, Sushmitha S. and Vanishree M. L. For Computer Society of India Robotics as a learning tutor and its aid in education 19 Editorial Board: Yuvaraj P. and Snigdha Sen Arun B Samaddar, NIT, Sikkim Research front Bhabani Shankar Prasad Mishra, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics: A Research Overview 24 KIIT University, Bhubanewar S. Balakrishnan, J. Janet and Aswin G. Debajyoti Mukhopadhyay, Dean, School of Engg. & Applied Sciences, Bennett University A Study on Social Impact of Robots in Human Life 27 J Yogapriya, Kongunadu Engg. College, Trichy Dweepna Garg, Amit Ganatra and Ketan Kotecha Vivek Varshneya, MD and CEO VTS-Global Cognitive Robotics: Research Questions 31 Snehasis Banerjee M Sasikumar, CDAC, Mumbai, R Subburaj, SRM University, Chennai Technical Trends R K Samanta, Siliguri Inst. of Tech., West Bengal Role of Sensors in Robotics 33 R. Umamaheswari, M. Senthil Kumar and B. Chidhamabararajan R N Behera, NIC, Bhubaneswar Sudhakar A M, University of Mysore Robotics: A Future Race [Boon or Threat] 36 Sharan S. and Anand Panduranga Sunil Pandey, ITS, Ghaziabad Evolution of AI into Machine Learning and Deep Learning: A bird’s eye-view 40 Shailesh K Srivastava, NIC, Patna Achuthsankar S Nair Vishal Mehrotra, TCS Special Article Design, Print and Dispatch by Java celebrates its Silver Jubilee 43 Xavier Chelladurai GP OFFSET PRIVATE LIMITED PLUS Know Your CSI 2nd Cover Please note: CSI Communications is published by Computer Society Prospective Contributors of CSI Communications and Themes for CSI Communications 18 of India, a non-profit organization. Views and opinions CSI SIG eGovernance Awards 2019-2020 23 Call for Contributions in CSI Adhyayan 26 expressed in the CSI Communications are those of BOOK REVIEW - Groundbreaking Inventions in Information and Communication Technologies 32 individual authors, contributors and advertisers and Call for Paper for CSI Journal of Computing 36 they may differ from policies and official statements National / Regional / State Level CSI Student Conventions 39 of CSI. These should not be construed as legal or Call for Paper – Digital Transformation eReadiness for Self Reliance 46 professional advice. The CSI, the publisher, the editors CALL FOR NOMINATIONS – CSI National Elections 2021-2022/2023 48 and the contributors are not responsible for any Virtual Workshop on Charitable Trusts – Critical Apects 49 decisions taken by readers on the basis of these views Local Startups Meet 50 and opinions. BVICAM Activities 51 CSI Allahabad Chapter 53 Although every care is being taken to ensure Ghaziabad Chapter Webinars 54 genuineness of the writings in this publication, CSI Region-IV – Activities 55 Communications does not attest to the originality of the Divisional Activities 57 respective authors’ content. Student Branches Inauguration 58 © 2012 CSI. All rights reserved. Chapters Report 60 Instructors are permitted to photocopy isolated articles UCER, Allahabad 64 From CSI Student Branches 65 for non-commercial classroom use without fee. For Online Workshop on “Data Analysis & Visualization Using Pandas, Seaborn and Plotly in Python” 73 any other copying, reprint or republication, permission CSI YITP Awards 2021 74 must be obtained in writing from the Society. Copying CSI-IT Excellence Awards 2021 75 for other than personal use or internal reference, or of 54th CSI-2021 Convention Back Cover articles or columns not owned by the Society without explicit permission of the Society or the copyright owner Printed and Published by Prof. Akshaya Kumar Nayak on behalf of Computer Society of India, Printed GP Offset Pvt. Ltd. nd is strictly prohibited. 269, 2 Floor, A-2, Shah & Nahar Industrial Estate, Sitaram Jadhav Marg, Lower Parel, Mumbai 400 013 and Published from Samruddhi Venture Park, Unit No. 3, 4th Floor, Marol Industrial Area, Andheri (East), Mumbai 400 093. • Email : [email protected] Chief Editor: S. S. Agrawal 3 CSI COMMUNICATIONS | OCTOBER 2020 Editorial Prof. (Dr.) S. S. Agrawal Dr. Ritika Wason Dear Readers Chief Editor Editor “Whether we are based on carbon or on silicon makes no fundamental difference; we should each be treated with appropriate respect.” – Arthur C. Clarke The above quote By Arthur C. Clarke, British writer of 2010: of 2020-21/22. We also declare CSI SIG eGovernance Awards 2019- Odyssey Two introduces the alternative human beings in our current 20.Nominations for the same are invited in digital mode. Call for smart world. As per Wikipedia, a robot is a machine-especially one nominations for CSI National Elections 2021-22/23 has also been programmable by a computer - capable of carrying out a complex declared in this issue. Call for papers for other CSI publications like series of actions automatically. Robots can be guided by an external CSI Journal of Computing and CSI Adhyayan have also been included control device or the control may be embedded within. for the information of prospective contributors. In today’s world robotics have already penetrated into our lives in a The legendary Prof. V. Rajaraman has also authored a book, big way.