Glossary This glossary is intended as a guide to people, organizations, and terminology that appear in the excerpts and full transcript from the conference, “Communism’s Negotiated Collapse: The Polish Round Table, Ten Years Later.”1 People2 Balcerowicz, Leszek (1947-): Economist; member of the PZPR, 1969-1981; member of Solidarity since 1980; author of the “shock therapy” economic reform plan of 1990; Finance Minister and Vice-Premier, 1898-1991, 1997-present; member of UD and UW Bartoszewski, Władysław (1922-): Prisoner at Auschwitz, 1940-1941; soldier for the AK, 1942-1945; imprisoned during the Stalinist era; staff member at the Catholic weekly, Tygodnik Powszechny (The Universal Weekly) since 1957, lecturer for the “Flying University” from 1978-1990; member of Solidarity since 1980; Polish ambassador to Austria since 1990. Bender, Ryszard (1932-): Professor of History at the Catholic University of Lublin and conservative politician; participant in the Round Table negotiations; Delegate to the Sejm, 1985-1989; Senator, 1991-1993, Chair of the National Council for TV and Radio, 1994. 1 The full transcript, Communism’s Negotiated Collapse: The Polish Round Table, Ten Years Later. A Conference at the University of Michigan. April 7-10, 1999. English Transcript of the Conference Proceedings, trans. by Kasia Kietlinska, ed. by Donna Parmelee (Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Center for Russian and East European Studies, 1999), is available at <www.umich.edu/ ~iinet/PolishRoundTable/frame.html>. 2 For explanation of abbreviations, see section on “Organizations and Terminology” below. 192 Glossary Bierut, Bolesław (1892-1956): Leader of the Polish communists during the Stalinist era; Secretary General of the PZPR, 1948-1954; First Secretary of the PZPR, 1954-1956; President of Poland 1947-1952; Premier, 1952-1954. Bruszt, László: Professor of Political Science and Vice-Rector for Academic Affairs at Central European University; Co-founder and National Secretary of the Democratic League of Independent Trade Unions in Hungary, 1988-1992; participant in Hungarian round table negotiations. Brzeziński, Zbigniew (1928-): American political scientist of Polish descent; Professor of Political Science at Columbia University since 1961; co-author, with Carl J. Friedrich, of Totalitarian Dictatorship and Autocracy (Harvard University Press, 1956); member of National Security Council under President Jimmy Carter, 1977- 1980. Bujak, Zbigniew (1954-): Worker at the Ursus tractor factory since 1977; member of Solidarity since 1980; Chair of Solidarity in the Mazowsze region, 1981-1986; highest ranking Solidarity figure to avoid arrest, 1981-1986; member of Solidarity’s National Executive Committee, 1987-1989; participant in the Round Table negotiations; Delegate to the Sejm, 1991-1997; Director of the Polish Customs Office, 1999-present; member of UD/UW. Celiński, Andrzej (1950-): Expelled from the University of Warsaw in March 1968 for involvement in student protests; member of KOR; member of Solidarity since 1980; participant in the Round Table negotiations; Senator, 1989-1993; Delegate to the Sejm, 1993-present; member of UD/UW. Chrzanowski, Wiesław (1923-): Professor of Law at the Catholic University of Lublin; member of the AK, 1942-1944; imprisoned for participating in the organization of the Union of Christian Youth, 1948-1956; advisor to Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński since 1965; member of Solidarity since 1980; co-founder and President of the Christian-National Union, 1989-1994; Minister of Justice in 1991; Marshal of the Sejm, 1991-1993; Senator, 1997-present. Ciosek, Stanisław (1939-): Member of the PZPR, 1959-1990; Delegate to the Sejm, 1972- 1985; regional First Secretary of the PZPR, 1975-1980; member of the Central Committee of the PZPR, 1980-1981, 1986-1990; member of the Council of Ministers, 1980-1985; General Secretary of the PZPR, 1986-1988; Ambassador to Moscow, 1990-1996. Glossary 193 Cyrankiewicz, Józef (1911-1989): Member of the PPS before WWII; prisoner at Auschwitz during the War; member of the Politburo, 1948-1971; Premier, 1947- 1952, 1954-1970. Czyrek, Józef (1928-): Member of Politburo and Secretary of the Central Committee, 1981-1989; Minister of Foreign Affairs, 1980-1982; Delegate to the Sejm, 1985- 1989. Dai Qing: Dissident journalist and environmental activist in China; imprisoned after Tiananmen Square massacre of 1989. Davis, Helen: As wife of the US Ambassador to Poland in the 1980’s, hosted a series of informal meetings between the Round Table participants. Davis, John: U.S. foreign service officer since 1955; served in the US embassy in Warsaw 1960-1963, 1973-1976, 1983-1988, and (as Ambassador), 1988-1990. Dąbrowski, Bronisław (1917-1997): Assistant Archbishop of the Warsaw Diocese, 1962- 1993; Secretary of the Polish Episcopate, 1969-1993; participant in the Round Table negotiations. Dembowski, Bronisław (1927-): Professor of Philosophy at the Catholic University of Lublin since 1981; participant in the Round Table negotiations; Bishop of the Diocese of Włocławek, 1992-present. Dmowski, Roman (1864-1939): Founder and leader of the radical-right National Democratic movement before WWII. Frasyniuk, Władysław (1954-): Labor activist from Silesia, member of Solidarity since 1980; member of Solidarity Executive Commission since 1987; Delegate to the Sejm, 1991-present; member of UD/UW. Geremek, Bronisław (1932-): Professor of History at the Polish Academy of Sciences since 1965; advisor to Solidarity since 1980; leader of Solidarity delegation at the Round Table negotiations; Delegate to the Sejm, 1989-present; Foreign Minister, 1997-2000; member of UD/ UW. Gierek, Edward (1913-): Communist activist since the 1930’s; First Secretary of the PZPR, 1970-1980. 194 Glossary Glemp, Józef (1929-): Roman Catholic Primate of Poland and Archbishop of Warsaw and Gniezno, 1981-present; Cardinal, 1983-present. Gomułka, Władysław (1905-1982): Communist activist since the 1920’s; General Secretary of the PPR, 1944-1949; Vice-Premier, 1945-1947; imprisoned 1951-1954; First Secretary of the PZPR, 1956-1970. Gwiazda, Andrzej (1935-): Co-founder of the Free Trade Union of the Coast, 1978; participant in the Gdańsk strikes of 1980; vice-chair of Solidarity, 1980-1981. Hall, Aleksander (1953-): Journalist and high-school history teacher; co-founder of the Young Poland Movement in 1979; member of Solidarity since 1980; participant in the Round Table negotiations; Delegate to the Sejm since 1989; co-founder of the Conservative Party in 1992. Herbert, Zbigniew (1924-1998): One of Poland’s most prominent poets. Hlond, August (1881-1948): Roman Catholic Primate of Poland, 1926-1948; Cardinal, 1927-1948. Jagielski, Mieczysław (1924-1997): Communist activist since the 1940’s; member of Politburo, 1971-1980; Vice-Premier, 1971-1975; Professor of Economics at the Main School of Planning and Statistics since 1975; head of the government delegation that negotiated with the shipyard workers in Gdańsk in 1980. Janas, Zbigniew (1953-): Worker at the Ursus tractor factory since the 1970’s; member of KOR; member of Solidarity since 1980; participant in the Round Table negotiations; Delegate to the Sejm since 1989; member of UD/UW. Jankowska, Janina (1939-): Broadcast journalist; covered the Gdańsk shipyard strikes and the creation of Solidarity in 1980; produced clandestine audio documentaries in the 1980’s; participant in Round Table negotiations; managed Solidarity’s TV and radio electoral campaign in 1989; chair of the Program Council of Polish Radio since 1993. Janowski, Gabriel (1947-): Farmer; instructor at the Warsaw College of Agriculture, 1974-1988; activist in Solidarity and Rural Solidarity since 1980; Senator 1989- 1991; deputy in the Sejm 1991-present; member of AWS. Glossary 195 Jaroszewicz, Piotr (1909-1992): Member of PZPR; Vice-Premier, 1952-1970; Premier, 1970-1980. Jaruzelski, Wojciech (1923-): Member of PPR and PZPR since 1947; Chief of the General Staff of the Polish Army, 1965-1968; Minister of Defense, 1968-1983; directed military assault on striking workers in Gdańsk, 1970; First Secretary of the PZPR, 1981-1989; Premier, 1981-1985; declared martial law and outlawed Solidarity, 1981; President, 1989-1990. Kaczyński, Jarosław (1949-): Member of KOR; member of Solidarity since 1980; participant in the Round Table negotiations; Senator, 1989-1990; Delegate to the Sejm 1991-1993, 1997-present; chair of the PC from 1991. Kaczyński, Lech (1949-): Professor of Law at the University of Gdańsk and the Catholic Theological Academy in Warsaw; member of KOR; member of Solidarity since 1980; participant in the Round Table negotiations; Senator, 1989-1991; Delegate to the Sejm, 1991-1993; President of the Chief Inspectorate, 1992-1995; member of the PC. Kádár, Janos (1912-1989): Became First Secretary of the Hungarian Communist Party after the repression of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956; introduced the “New Economic Mechanism” in 1960’s, which partially decentralized the Hungarian economy; forced out of power in 1988. Kiszczak, Czesław (1925-): Served in Polish army as an intelligence officer since 1945; member of PPR/PZPR since 1945; Minister of Internal Affairs, 1981-1990; directed implementation of martial law in 1981; Vice-Premier 1989-1990; worked to facilitate negotiations leading to Round Table negotiations. Kołakowski, Leszek (1927-): One of Poland’s most prominent twentieth century philosophers; Professor at the University of Warsaw and Polish Academy of Sciences, 1964-1968; expelled from PZPR, 1966; forced into