•A* . _ 1 , ,T -y . , ' I ^ t-,1-, |M: Ul/i'I1 ^ Api, iiUI:.U,/i.UV< 1 DC ,vx-,. v v -MM'- Rockefeller Foundation Annual Report 1918 The Rockefeller Foundation 61 Broadway, New York 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation y , 3 SUMFORD PRESS, CONCORD, N. U. 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation 1300 THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION Annual Report for 1918 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation CONTENTS THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION PAGE REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT 15 The Year in Brief 19 Why Should America Try to Teach France about Tubercu- losis? 20 Team-Play against Tuberculosis 23 Training Les Visiteuses d'Hygiene 25 The-Medical "Tank": Its Crew and Its Ammunition 27 Turning the System over to the French 29 Cheaper to get Rid of Malaria than to Have It 31 States Undertaking Malaria Cobtrol 33 Attacking the Seed-Beds of Yellow Fever 35 Progress in Control and Prevention of Hookworm Infection. 37 Significant Developments in Brazil and Australia 39 A New School of Hygiene and Public Health 41 Future Plans for Public Health and Medical Education 42 The "Green City" in Peking 44 Medical Education in China and South America 46 International Fellowships and Scholarships 48 Aid to Research Institute, Mental Hygiene, Infantile Paraly- 0 sis 49 J Studies in Industrial Relations 50 A Resume of War-Work Appropriations, 1914-1919 52 Finances for 1918 56 The Welfare of Mankind Throughout the World 58 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 61 Organization and Agencies 65 Methods of Carrying Out Work 66 Assistance to Other Agencies 68 REPORT OF THE TREASURER 283 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation 8 -..••.. CONTENTS , . , INTERNATIONAL HEALTH BOARD FACE REPORT OF THE GENERAL DIRECTOR 73 General Summary 81-110 Control of Yellow Fever 83 Significant Developments and Results in Hookworm Con- trol ; 91 Tuberculosis Work in France 102 Malaria Control 102 Public Health Training 104 Publications 107 Appendix 111-206 Extent and Severity of Hookworm Disease Ill Effects of Hookworm Infection 121 Diagnosis of Hookworm Infection 130 Methods of Treating Hookworm Disease 138 Hookworm Infection Surveys 148 Hookworm Control Operations 153 Soil Sanitation as a Means of Control 166 Malaria Control 186' Tuberculosis in France 201 Tabular Summary 207 Financial Statement # 213 CHINA MEDICAL BOARD REPORT OF THE GENERAL DIRECTOR • 219 Peking Union Medical College 232 Officers of Administration and Instruction 235 Shanghai Medical School 249 Other Medical Work Aided 250 Fellowships and Scholarships 254 Miscellaneous :..-. 259 Officers of the Board 260 ROCKEFELLER INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH SPECIAL WAR ACTIVITIES REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF LABORATORIES 265 War Work of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research 269 Instruction at War Demonstration Hospital 270 Treatment at War Demonstration Hospital 273 Courses in Bacteriology, etc 274 Production of Serum 274 Anti-gaseous Gangrene Serum 278 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURE PAGE 1 World Map of Activities of the Rockefeller Foundation 18 2 Yellow Fever Commission and Staff in Guayaquil, Ecuador 89 3 Anti-Mosquito Squad and Implements, Yellow Fever Campaign, Guayaquil, Ecuador 90 4 Brazilian States Appropriating for Hookworm Work 97 5 County Health Rally in North Carolina 99 6 Australia and New Guinea, Showing Area of Intensive Work against Hookworm Disease 101 7 Model to Demonstrate Malaria Control Operations, De- partment of Hygiene, University of Sao Paulo 105 8 Correlation Between Rates of Hookworm Infection and Amount of Rainfall, Texas Ill 9 Rates of Hookworm Infection by Occupation, Sao Paulo, Brazil '. 112 10 Rates of Hookworm Infection by Age, All Countries 113 11 Rates of Hookworm Infection by Race, All Countries 114 12 One Means of Acquiring Hookworm Disease, Brazil 115 13 Method of Night Soil Disposal in Federated Malay States. 116 14 Relationship between Rates of Hookworm Infection and Cures by Two Treatments, Trinidad , 117 15 Hookworms Harbored by 378 Infected Persons, Java 118 16 Comparison of Number of Worms Harbored by Agricul- tural Workers and Dwellers in Mountain Villages, Java and Sumatra 119 17 Reduction in Hemoglobin Associated with Hookworm Dis- 0 ease 122 18 Increase in Hemoglobin Following Treatment for Hook- worm Disease, All Countries 123 19 Javanese. Severely Infected with Hookworm Disease, Be- fore Treatment 125 20 Same Patient One Year Later, After Treatment 125 21 School Children Applying for Hookworm Treatment in Salvador x. 126 22 Comparative Mental Retardation in Months; 340 School Children of Queensland 128 23 Results of Binet-Simon Mental Tests by Age Groups; 340 School Children, Queensland 129 9 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation IO IUOJSTRATIONS „ . 24 Special Type of Hand Centrifuge Used in Examining Specimens 131 25 Boys of Kara pong Bharu, Federated Malay States, In- fected with Hookworm Disease 133 26 Collection of Feces from Javanese Patients, Dutch Guiana 134 27 Worms Expelled and Cases Cured by Two Treatments 'of Chenopodium, 82 Brazilian Vagabonds 141 28 Method of Computing Knowlton's Index of Efficiency.... 146 29 Hookworm Infection Survey Map of Jamaica * 149 30 Hookworm Infection Map, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil 150 31 Re-Infection Rates at End of One Year or More, Matale Area, Ceylon , : 155 32 Re-Infection Rates in Ceylon; Relationship Between Length of Time Elapsing Between Treatment and Re- Examination. • 156 33 Re-Infection Rates Among Persons Previously Treated for Hookworm Disease, by Countries 157 34 Staff for the Relief and Control of Hookworm Disease in State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 161 35 Hookworm Cavalry in State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 162 ' 36 Ceylon Tea Estate, Showing Laborers' Quarters in Good Condition. Latrines Appear at Right of Photograph... 171 37 Pit Latrine for Use of 40 Laborers, Plantation, Dutch Guiana 172 38 New Concrete Latrine for Public Use, Panama 179 39 Placing Frames with Wire Mesh in New Type of Concrete Latrine, Panama 180 40 Map of Harrison County* Mississippi, at Beginning of Cam- paign Against Soil Pollution Diseases 182 41 Map of Harrison County, Mississippi, at Close of Campaign Against Soil Pollution Diseases 183 42 Record of Malaria Control in Five Arkansas Towns, 1916- 1918 188 43 Borrow Pit Before Draining, Malaria Control by Anti- Mosquito Measures, Hamburg, Arkansas 189 44 Same Borrow Pit After Draining 189 45 Drained Swamp, Malaria Control by Anti-Mosquito Measures 190 46 Map of Lake Village, Arkansas, Showing Lake Chicot and * Main Natural Drainage System, Malaria Control by Anti-Mosquito Measures 191 47 Laborers at Work Filling Borrow Pit, Anti-Mosquito Operations, Hamburg, Arkansas , 195 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation ILLUSTRATIONS AND TABLES II 48 Wide Ditch for Heavy Rains, with "V-shaped Center for Normal Flow. Anti-Mosquito Measures, Monticello, Arkansas 196 49 Tuberculosis Dispensary Organization in Department of Eure-et-Loir, France 202 50 Improvising Open-Air Treatment of Tuberculosis, Chartres, France 203 51 Waiting-Room of Tuberculosis Clinic at Chartres, France 204 52 Work of Tuberculosis Commission in France to December 31,1918 205 53 Peking Union Medical College 233 54 A Unit of the Peking Union Medical College. One of the Fifteen Buildings Being Erected by the China Medical Board. 237 55 Construction Staff at Work on a Building of the Peking Union Medical College 238 56 Medical Institutions Aided by China Medical Board.' 251 57 Actual Expenditures through 1918 and Pledges for Future Years, for Missionary Hospitals, Medical, and Pre- Medical Schools. China Medical Board 253 58 Number of Scholarship and Fellowship Holders, by Years, Since Creation of China Medical Board 257 TABLES War Work Expenditures 1914-1919 54-55 Receipts and Disbursements in 1918 57 Expenditures of the Rockefeller Foundation for the Year 1918.69^71 Summary of Hookworm Work in all Countries 208 Summary of Hookworm Work in Southern States 209 Summary of Hookworm Work in West Indies 210 Summary of Hookworm Work in Central America 2fl Summary of Hookworm Work in the East: 212 Expenditures of International Health Board for the Year 1918 215-217 Expenditures of China Medical Board for the Year 1918. .261-263 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation " THiE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION OFFICERS, MEMBERS, AND COMMITTEES 1918 Chairman of the Board of Trustees JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER, JR. President GEORGE E. VINCENT Secretary EDWIN R. EMBREE Treasurer Louis G. MYERS Comptroller ROBERT H. KIRK Assistant Treasurer LEFFERTS M. DASHIELL Librarian EDYTH L. MILLER Executive Committee George E. Vincent, Chairman Wallace Buttrick Starr J. Murphy Simon Flexner Wickliffe Rose Edwin R. Embree, Secretary Finance Committee John D. Rockefeller, Jr.,aChairman A. Barton Hepburn Frederick Strausa Members To Serve Until the Annual Meeting cf 1981 Wallace Buttrick Harry Pratt Judaon Simon Flexner Starr J. Murphy Harry Emerson Fosdick Frederick Strauss To Sore Unfit the Annual Meeting of 1980 A, Barton Hepburn Wickliffe Rose Charles E. Hughes George E. Vincent To Serve Until the Annual Meeting of 1919 Frederick T. Gates John D. Rockefeller, Jr. John D. Rockefeller , Julius Roaeawald Martin A. Ryerson 12 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION OFFICERS, MEMBERS, AND COMMITTEES 1919 Chairman of ike Board of Trustees JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER, JR. President GEORGE E. VINCENT Secretary EDWIN R. EMBREE Treasurer Louis G. MYERS Comptroller ROBERT H. KIRK Assistant Treasurer LEFFERTS M, DASHIELL Librarian EDYTH L. MILLER Executive Committee George E. Vincent, Chairman Wallace Buttrick Starr J. Murphy Simon Flexner Wickliffe Rose Edwin R. Embree, Secretary Finance