An Examination regarding the Phylogenetic Position of Vampyroteuthis infernalis Printing: Alex Dutton, Chase Klungle, Jake Nymeyer This poster is 48” wide by 36” high. It’s designed to be printed on a INTRODUCTION METHODS RESULTS large Vampire squid: • Research included 43 in-class taxa with one additional in-class outgroup. • Vampyroteuthis infernalis, “the living fossil” is found nested in-between the Vampyroteuthis infernalis, or the Vampire Squid, is a cephalopod found deep in the • Cross examination of two genes was implemented (H3 and Ribosomal 28s genes). suborder Cirrata (Octopuses) and the Order Oegopsida (squid) while exhibiting characteristics of both. ocean. It has 8 arms connected by a webbing or “cape,” and is typically black in color • Individual gene processing was accomplished utilizing Phylogeny.fr wherein: with red eyes. These attributes led to it being called a vampire (not because it drinks alignment of data was processed by MUSCLE, curation by Gblocks, Phylogeny analysis • This data shows V. infernalis as being contained within the monophyletic Customizing the Content: blood). This species exhibits traits that appear in both octopus and squid families by PhyML + aLRT, and initial tree rendering by TreeDyn. supergroup Octopodiformes. which results in a one-of-a-kind organism. However, the phylogenetic position of V. • SequenceMatrix was employed to combine the aligned gene sequences. • We can also note the increased evolutionary distance between V. infernalis and infernalis has yet to be truly defined. Some researchers believe that it aligns better squids as opposed to their closeness in previous research. The placeholders in this with squids while others side with its closeness to octopuses. Therefore, the purpose • Final tree rendering was obtained through FigTree v1.4.4 of this examination, into the phylogeny of the Vampire Squid, is to see if a definitive formatted for you. relationship can be elucidated. 1 13 Rossia_palpebrosa label 0.871 Sepiola_affinis 1 2 • It has a small set of fins, 8 octopod-like arms, and squid-like reduced shell (a pen). Leachia_atlantica 1 1 0.531 Pterygioteuthis_gemmata placeholders to add text, or click 6 0.971 Pyroteuthis_margaritifera 0.72 2 Loligo_pealei 1 1 0.951 Loligo_formosana 0 1 Sepioteuthis_lessoniana 4 an icon to add a table, chart, Octopoteuthis_sicula 1 3 0.83 Cycloteuthis_sirventi 1 1 1 Histioteuthis_reversa 0 0.811 1 1 1 Histioteuthis_corona 0 0.62 1 0.73 1 Batoteuthis_skolops SmartArt graphic, picture or 1 0.461 Neoteuthis_thielei 0.96 5 Discoteuthis_laciniosa 6 Lepidoteuthis_grimaldii 1 1 1 0.76 1 Histioteuthis_hoylei 1 0.881 multimedia file. Psychroteuthis_sp 0.49 2 4 Moroteuthis_knipovitchi 0.75 1 1 1 2 Bathyteuthis_abyssicola 0.74 0.78 0.961 Spirula_spirula 1 1 Mastigoteuthis_agassizi 1 0.651 Vampyroteuthis infernalis (LEFT: Side view RIGHT: Tentacle view) Joubiniteuthis_portieri 0.75 2 T 5 Mastigoteuthis_magna 0.77 3 Brachioteuthis_sp 6 Cranchia_scabra 1 3 0.82 Sthenoteuthis_oualaniensis 1 1 Octopus 4 1 from text, just click the Bullets : Gonatus_antarcticus 0.77 0.78 1 0.81 1 Gonatus_fabricii 0 0.99 1 2 1 Ornithoteuthis_antillarum Octopods are cephalopods characterized by a large round head and a mantle, along 0.55 1 4 0.33 Illex_coindeti 5 Architeuthis_dux with eight arms. Each arm has rows of sensory suckers that aid in perception and 11 button on the Home tab. 1 Enoploteuthis_leptura 0.87 12 Abraliopsis_pfefferi prey capture. 6 Vampyroteuthis_infernalis 5 7 Stauroteuthis_syrtensis 0.94 1 Octopus are divided into two subgroups, Cirrata and Incirrata 1 Graneledone_verrucosa 1 0.971 0.15 2 0.86 Thaumeledone_gunteri If you need more placeholders for 2 Benthoctopus_sp • Incirrate octopods comprise about 85% of all octopodan species. They share most 1 3 1 Argonauta_nodosa 1 1 0.12 1 Haliphron_sp traits in common with Cirrates, with a few notable differences-- They have no fins, 1 0.921 Haliphron_atlanticus 0.99 2 titles, Opisthoteuthis_sp and no shell. 15 Sepia_officinalis • Cirrate octopods are unusual in structure and shape. They are usually more make a copy of what you need and gelatinous and have a smaller mantle opening. However, the most distinct 2.0 difference is the fact that they have fins and a shell structure. drag it into place. PowerPoint’s CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES Smart Guides will help you align it • Argonauta nodosa, Paper nautilus. Retrieved from http://www.thecephalopodpage.org/Argo.php • Cirrata Grimpe, 1916. Finned octopods. Page: Tree of Life. Retrieved from http://tolweb.org/Cirrata with everything else. • Vampyroteuthis infernalis, according to our analysis, is more closely • Dereeper A.*, Guignon V.*, Blanc G., Audic S., Buffet S., Chevenet F., Dufayard J.F., Guindon S., Lefort V., Lescot M., Claverie J.M., Gascuel O. Phylogeny.fr: robust phylogenetic analysis for the non-specialist. Nucleic Acids Res. 2008 Jul related to octopuses than it is to squid. 1;36(Web Server issue):W465-9. Epub 2008 Apr 19. Octopoda (LEFT: Incirrate RIGHT: Cirrate) • Moreover, Stauroteuthis syrtensis, a member of the suborder Cirrata, • Giant Squid. Retrieved from http://animalplanetsthemostextreme.wikia.com/wiki/Giant_Squid Want to use your own pictures • Harmon, K. (2013, April 19). Unusual Offshore Octopods: Does the World's Largest Octopus Only Have Seven Arms? Squid: appears as the closest relative of V. infernalis. Its position, relative to [Video]. • Incirrata Grimpe, 1916. Common octopods, octopuses or devilfishes. Page: Tree of Life. Retrieved from instead of ours? No problem! Just Squids are also cephalopods, though they have a our “living fossil,” supports that the Vampire squid is more closely http://tolweb.org/Incirrata/20087 triangular head. Squids can have between 6-10 tentacles related to the suborder Cirrata (octopuses) than the more distant: • Lindgren, A. R., Giribet, G. and Nishiguchi, M. K. (2004), A combined approach to the phylogeny of Cephalopoda (Mollusca). Cladistics, 20: 454-486. with suckers, but unlike octopods, squids also have Incirrata (octopuses) or the farthest: order Oegopsida (squid). right hooks at the end of their arms. • Oegopsida Orbigny, 1845. (Page: Tree of Life. Retrieved from http://tolweb.org/Oegopsida • Morphological analysis shows that the fins and cirrae, retained by • Rambaut, Andrew (2006-2018) FigTree: Tree Figure Drawing Tool. Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of • Squids characteristically have two fins as well as an Edinburgh. Change Picture. Maintain the members of Cirrata and Oegopsida, are similar to that of the Vampire • Stauroteuthidae Grimpe 1916. Stauroteuthis Verrill, 1879. Page: Tree of Life. Retrieved from internalized and reduced shell called a pen. http://tolweb.org/Stauroteuthis/20092 squid. However, our examination of the H3 and 28s genes helps to • Vaidya, G.,Lohman, D.J. & Meier, R. (2011) SequenceMatrix: concatenation software for the fast assembly of multi-gene support the above phylogenetic position of V. infernalis in conjunction datasets with character set and codon information. Cladistics, 27(2), 171-180. proportion of pictures as you resize • Адский вампир. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://elementy.ru/kartinka_dnya/591/Adskiy_vampir with its similar morphological characteristics. by dragging a corner..