METHODOLOGIES IN ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH EDITORS NOOR AZIAH MOHD ARIFFIN MD MIZANUR RASHID NURUL HAMIRUDDIN SALLEH INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA 1 Published by: IIUM Press International Islamic University Malaysia First Edition, 2013 © IIUM Press, IIUM Copyright © 2013 by Fadzidah Abdullah, Md Mizanur Rashid, Nurul Hamiruddin Salleh, Zeenat Begam Yusof, Maisarah Ali, Zuraini Denan and Noor Aziah Mohd Ariffin All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without any prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-3142-24-8 Printed by: IIUM PRINTING SDN.BHD. No. 1, Jalan Industri Batu Caves 1/3 Taman Perindustrian Batu Caves Batu Caves Centre Point 68100 Batu Caves Selangor Darul Ehsan 2 CONTENTS CONTENTS i PREFACE ii CONTRIBUTORS iii Chapter 1 1 Introduction Chapter 2 4 Phenomenological Approach for Evaluating Problem Based Learning in Architectural Education. Fadzidah Abdullah Chapter 3 17 Theoretical Reconstruction of Sompur Mahaviahara at Paharpur, Bengal through a Buddhist Religious Architectural Process. Md Mizanur Rashid Chapter 4 31 Mixed Methods Approach for the Study of Fire Safety Management in Malaysian Heritage Buildings. Nurul Hamiruddin Salleh Chapter 5 53 Mixed Methods Inquiries in the Assessment of Development Guidelines for the Geodesic Dome Visitors’ Centre at Pulau Payar. Zeenat Begam Yusof Chapter 6 65 Measurement of Quality in Buildings Constructed Using Industralised Building System (IBS) and Conventional Methods. Maisarah Ali Chapter 7 87 Research Methods for Visual Comfort Study. Zuraini Denan Chapter 8 107 Triangulation Methods in Thermal Comfort Studies. Noor Aziah Mohd Ariffin i PREFACE There is a general lacking of scholarly writings in the field of research methods in Architecture and Built Environment especially from the professionals’ point of view, albeit some efforts from different individuals. It has been observed that there is a need to put these individual works in a common platform so that their views can be shared. This book is intended to appeal to people interested in doing research in architecture and the built environment. Being both comprehensive and could also act as an entry point into the world of research in architecture, this book targets primarily, final year undergraduates and postgraduate students and anybody interested in doing research in these fields. Through the topics covered in the book varied methods of researches were introduced to, perhaps, whet the interests of budding researchers as to how to conduct their impending issues and questions yet unanswered. Although the topics covered are not as varied but it would serve as a guide to construct and undertake a research project as offered by the authors in answering their research questions. The research process is by no means an easy one – it takes patience, diligence and requires a systematic inquiry into a subject to uncover the truths we are searching for. It is the hope and wishes of the editors and authors of this book that this will serve as a guide, albeit the non-variety, to help budding researchers undertake their research projects methodically, scientifically and satisfactorily. This book project taken by the Department of Architecture, Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design (KAED) of International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) opens up an avenue to address this need. This book is an attempt to collate the individual ideas and thinking within KAED academic members about research in built environment. For this publication we are indebted to Research Management Centre (RMC) of IIUM for their continuous support and most importantly taking the active role for the realization of the book. Our gratitude also goes to the Kulliyyah for its continuous support and encouragement in making this publication a success. Along with the contributors we would like to thank the reviewers who have provided us with constructive feedbacks in such a short time. It is our pleasure to present this book to all the readers. Thank you. Editors ii CONTRIBUTORS FADZIDAH ABDULLAH is an academician at the Department of Architecture, International Islamic University Malaysia and holds a Ph.D. (Architectural Education) from University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom (2006), M.Sc. in Computer Aided Environmental Design from University of Sheffield, United Kingdom (2000) and Bachelor of Architecture from Texas Tech University, USA (1992). Her research interest in architectural education and problem based learning. MIZANUR RASHID is a professional architect and an academician. He is currently working as an Associate Professor at the Department of Architecture, International Islamic University Malaysia. He was conferred his PhD in 2008 from the National University of Singapore. Mizanur started his teaching career just after the graduation in 1997 and was involved in the profession, as well as, studio teaching in Bangladesh for four years. During this time he completed his Master of Architecture in Human Settlement (1999) from the Catholic University of Leuven. As an academician, he has a particular interest in history of architecture, tradition and sustainability. His current research focuses on the emergence of monumental architecture in a vernacular environment. His studies are mainly on the elements and design principles that have been long in practice in traditional buildings that has gradually been adopted in a more formal mode of architecture. As a researcher, he believes that this is how the traditional practices can be sustainable and be re-interpreted in the vocabulary of contemporary architecture. NURUL HAMIRUDDIN BIN SALLEH is the Head of Department, Department of Architecture, Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. He achieved his Diploma in Architecture and Bachelor in Architecture (Hons) degree in 1996 and 2000 respectively from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia. He was awarded the M.A. in Conservation Studies (Historic Buildings and Places) from the University of York, York, United Kingdom in 2003. Consequently he pursued his studies and was conferred the Ph.D in Architecture (Building Conservation) in 2011 from Universiti Sains Malaysia in Penang, Malaysia. His research interest includes conservation of heritage buildings, building fire safety, building technology and architectural documentation and recording. He is a member of the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS), the Board of Architects Malaysia (LAM) and the Malaysian Institute of Architects (PAM). Nurul Hamiruddin is active in publication, research, supervision and consultancy. He also has won two bronze medals in research and innovation (IRIIE) exhibitions. He has co-authored 2 books and presented more than 10 papers on heritage fire safety and building conservation in national and international conferences. ZEENAT BEGAM BT YUSOF is a lecturer in the Department of Architecture at the Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design, IIUM. She obtained her Bachelor of Science in Architectural studies and Bachelor of Architecture (Hons) from the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) and her Master Degree in Environment from University Putra Malaysia (UPM). She received the Distinction Award for Master iii Degree in 2008. In 2005 she did her Post-Graduate Diploma in Islamic Revealed Knowledge at IIUM. Currently she is undertaking her Ph.D in Architecture at the Universiti Teknologi Mara (UITM). She is a registered member of Lembaga Arkitek Malaysia (LAM) and a registered member of Pertubuhan Arkitek Malaysia (PAM). Her specialization and interest is on Island development guidelines, sustainable architecture, green approaches and techniques, tourism, development in Marine Parks and Environmental Management. She has participated in many conferences and seminars. She had conducted few researches on Islamic Principles, Marine Park guidelines and architectural elements, green hotel approaches and challenges and comparative study of material. She won the Bronze Medal at the IRIIE (IIUM) 2012 Research Award. MAISARAH ALI is an Associate Professor in the Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. She is a professional engineer and her specialist research field is in the area of Rehabilitation and Maintenance Structures, Bridge Inspection, Facilities Maintenance, Sustainable Building, Concrete, Traffic and Highway Planning, Renewal Energy, Water Environmental Planning, Occupational, Safety and Health in the construction and engineering sectors. ZURAINI DENAN is an academician with a degree in Bachelor of Architecture from Texas Tech University, Texas, USA. She continued her Master in Architecture by research in University Teknologi Malaysia specializing on daylighting. In 2004, she completed her PhD in the area of Daylighting Application in Office Building from Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom. Besides daylighting studies, she also has great interests in visual comfort and cultural and heritage studies. She had worked as an assistant architect in private practice and a lecturer at LimKokWing Institute of Creative Technology College previously. She joined the International Islamic University Malaysia in 1998 has been a lecturer until today. She has taken the responsibilities as Head of Department of Architecture, Deputy Dean Academic