v DOOK I - G~ERAL VOLUME ].2.. - CLINTCE mo IN~ /uRKS KAHHATTAK DISTRICT HISTORT '' BOCK I - GENERAL VQUIKS 1 2 - CLIKX0N HKClINBftR WORKS, CENTRAL FACILITIES CLASSIFICATION CANCELLED g f e e » « F ! ' 0 .. .............................. BY AUTHORITY PE DOE/OPC 00 So-/c?.>3 THIS DCCUMEM N£ ISTS OF 3 5 * PAGES N O ... 3 _OF_" f SERIES ./ * _____ ( N o . © * C o p y c-o>'*-e.c.'VeJk wo •fcordawt w,ewto G. H, +o KR.C. *-V J.o(y \,C)4r'j'^ V 1 3 7 5 2 FOREWORD This volume of the Uanh«tt*n L’i»trio t 8ifiW | hi.8 b««rj. prepared to dsfctrlta tt*e purpose, design, construction, development, cost, and func­ tions of the Central Facilities of the Gllnton Engineer Works, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, Although the Central Facilities are described at length and in de­ tail In this volume, they may be identified briefly as eabradng the non- industrial features of the Clinton Engineer Works, existing only to pro­ vide the facilities and service;* mere or less common to American urban life. As the Central Facilities exist separately and apart from the in­ dustrial plants, they cannot be described logically in connection with the Manufacturing plants. The Central Facilities are highly important auxiliaries to the manufacturing plants, for without the services and facilities supplied, the resident population necessary for manning the plants could not be maintained. The text of the history of the Central Facilities Is divided into three major parts* A - General Introduction, B - T o m of Oak Ridge, and C - Area Facilities. With reference to this arrangement, the community of Oak Ridge may, In general, be considered to consist of all the Central Facilities, although many facilities, i.e., the electrical, mater, sew­ erage, communications, roads and streets, transportation, and security systems, extend beyond what are considered to be the tomn limits, but exist to serve the residents of the town. N. This history of the Central Facilities has been carried through 31 December 1946, the day before the properties and activities of the Man­ hattan District were transferred to the Atomic Energy Commission. FI , 1946 ' . - J Data ired. Although the Clinton Engineer Works Aren and the town of Oak Ridge both are r o u g h l y rectangular In shape and lie on a northeast - southwest axis, nost maps In use on the Area have been adjusted to a Military g^d> thus, for example, the word "north% as generally used In this volume, Indicates a true northwest direction and the word "west” a true south­ west direction. 28 March 19^7 T2 MANHATTAN DISTRICT HISTORY BOOK I - Q-fiNSRAL VOums 1 ? - CLINTON «NOINm WORKS, OB*TBAL FACILITIES TABLE OF’ coNTRfrrs P a r. Ko. Page No. FOREWORD sum um PART A - O S im a IKTRfiMCriON SSCTION 1 - DESCRIPTION 1-1 Scope 1.1 \-2 Purpose 1.1 1-3 » Loc-tlon 1.1 1-4 Access 1.2 1-5 Facilities Involved 1.2 1-6 Size 1*3 1-7 Pop ulri tlon 1.3 V 8 Development 1.-4 1-9 Municipal Administration, Services, and Facilities 1.5 a. General 1.5 b. Development 1.6 c. Administrative and Service Buildings 1.6 SECTION 2 - SITS SSLBCTIOH AND P^ITARATION 5-1 General 2.1 2-2 Requirements 2.1 a. Location 2.1 b. Are« 2.2 c. Power 2.2 d. Water ftipply y 2.2 e. Transportation 2.3 f. Land Values 2.3 g. Topography 2.3 h. Town Site 2.4 i. Labor Supoly 2.4 2-3 Previous Investigations 2.4 a. General 2.4 b. Sites in TVA Area 2.4 c. Sites in Chicago Area 2.5 2-4 Site? Considered 2.5 a. General 2.5 b. Illinois 2.5 i , %. rape No. e. California 2.5 d. Washington 2.5 e. TVA Area 2.$ 2-5 Selection of Cf? Site 2.6 a. Location 2.6 b. rower ' 2.7 c. % t e r Supply 2.7 d. Topography 2.7 e. Drainage 2.7 f* Geology 2.6 g. Climate 2.8 h. Transportation 2.8 i. Loc«.l Population 2.8 J. Appral»#a, Selection, and Acouisitlon 2.8 / 2-6 Site Preparation 2.9 a. Initial ®or3c 2.9 b„ Later Work 2.9 SECTION 3 _ BASIC COKSIDSHATIOKS 3-1 Author! za tlons 3.1 a. General 3.1 b. Specific 3.1 (1) Report of 13 June 1942 3.1 (2) Delegation of Authority 3.1 (3) Appolntaent of the Military Policy Comalttee 3.2 3-2 Security ' 3.2 3-3 ^peed 3.3 3-4 Off-Aree Development 3.3 3-5 Relationship with Other Interests 3.3 a. The Tennessee Valley Authority 3.3 b. Federal Housing Agencies 3.4 c. Federal Works Agency 3.4 d. State of Tennessee 3.4 e. County Governments 3.4 f. Municipalities 3.5 3-6 Organisation 3.5 a. General 3.5 b. Planning 3.5 c. Construction 3.7 d. Central Facilities Advisory Committee 3.8 PARI B - TOWN OF OAK RIDGS SECTION 4 - PLANNING AND DESIOU 4-1 Development 4.1 a. General 4.1 ii ar. Bo. Pare N< b. First Phase 4*2 c. Second Phase 4,2 d. Third Phase 4.3 e. Additional Work 4.4 4-2 Design Criteria 4.4 a. Minimum Construction 4.4 b. Statutory Limitations 4.5 c. Critical Materials 4.5 d. Labor 4.5 4-3 Preliminary Work 4.5 4—4 Architect-Engineer Services 4.6 a. John B. Pierce Foundation 4.6 b. Skidmore, Owing(3 & Merrill 4.6 4-5 Incidental Improvements 4.7 4—6 Kay Personnel 4.7 SSCTIGK 5 - CONSTRUCTION 5-1 General 5.1 5-2 Method of Construction 5.2 a. General Policy 5.2 b. Managerial System 5.2 5-3 Contractual Arrangements 5.3 5-4 Operations 5.3 a. Accomplishments 5.3 b. Problems 5.3 (l) Labor 5.3 (2) Supply 5.4 (3) %>ead 5.4 5-5 Construction Costs 5.4 5-6 Key Personnel 5.6 aseno# 6 - o p e r a t i o n s 6-1 ' General 6.1 6—2 Controlling Policies 6.1 a. Minimum Services 6.1 b. Subsidies 6.2 o. Security 6.2 6-3 Operation by Government Forces 6.2 6-4 Selection of Operating Contractor 6.3 a. Organisations Considered 6.3 b. Negotiation o f Contract 6.4 6-5 Contractual Arrangements 6.4 s. Costs and Contractor’s Fee 6.4 b. Statement of Work 6.4 c. Collections 6.5 d. Estimated Revenue 6.5 e. Construction ^ork 6.6 ill Par. No Page Ko. f. Payment? 6.6 g. Guarantee 6.6 h. Other Provisions 6.6 6-6 Performance of Operating Contractor 6.6 a, General 6.6 b. Assumption of Operating Responsibility 6.7 Ci Employment 6.7 d. Reimbursable Cash Costs 6.7 (1) By Purpose 6.8 (2) Breakdown of Preceding Costs by Administrative Units 6.8 6-7 Decentralisation of Operations 6.9 SSCTIQK 7 - HOUSING 7-1 General 7.1 7-2 # Planning and Design 7.1 a. Family-Type Dwellings 7.1 (1) Cemesto Type Houses 7.1 (?) Multi-Family Houses 7.2 (3) Prefabricated Houses 7.3 (a) TV A and Related Types 7.3 (b) Hutment Apartments 7.4 (4) Demountable Units 7.4 (5) Victory Cottages 7.4 b. „ Apartaents - 7 . 5 c. Dormitories 7.5 d. Trailers 7.7 e. Hutments 7.8 f. Cantonment 7.9 g. Farm House® 7.10 7-3 Construction, Contract, and Cost Data 7.10 a. Houses 7.10 (1) Oeneral 7.10 (2) Cemesto Type 7.11 (3 ) Multi-Family Type 7.11 (4) Prefabricated House® 7.11 (a) TVA and Related Types 7.11 (b) Hutment Apartments 7.12 (5) Demountable Units 7.12 (6) Viotory Cottages 7.12 b. Apartments 7.12 c. Dormitories 7.13 d. Trailer Camps 7.13 e. Hutments 7.13 f. Cantonment 7.14 g. Farm Houees 7.14 h. Furniture 7.14 7-4 Operation and Maintenance 7.14 iv Per. No. ffage N o . a. General 7.14 b. Houses 7.15 c. Dormitories 7.17 d. Apartments 7. IB e. Trailers 7.19 f. Hutment Apartments 7.20 g. Hutments 7.20 h. Cantonment 7.21 1. Farm Houses 7.21 7-5 Assignments 7.21 7-6 Mentals 7.23 MOTION 8 - COMMERCIAL FACILITIES 8-1 Scope 8.1 8-2 Initial Planning 8.1 6-3 Secondary Planning 8.2 8-4 Additional Planning 8.2 8-5 Construction 8.3 8-6 Operating Policies 8.4 8-7 Selection of Concessionaires 8.4 8—8 Concession Operations 8.4 a. General 8.4 b. Receipts and Revenue 8.5 c. Types and Kumbere of Concessions and Other Activities 8.5 8-9 Hired Labor Operations 8.6 a. Cafeterias 8.6 (1) Initial Period 8.6 (2) Roane-Anderson Operations 8.7 b. Laundries 8.8 c. Guest House and Hotels 8.8 8-10 Special Operating Arrangements 8.9 a. Banking Facility 8.9 b. Telegraph Service 8.9 8-11 Construction Costs 8.30 SSCTIOK 9 - SCHOOL Sl&tm 9-1 Basic Features 9*1 a. Policy 9.1 b. Operation 9.1 c. Standards of Education 9.2 9-2 Development 9.2 a. Initial Period 9.2 b. School Buildings 9.3 9-3 Description of School Buildings 9.3 a.