2020 Global Retirement Index An in-depth assessment of welfare in retirement around the world Table of contents Key Findings..................................................................................................................................................... 3 The Global Retirement Index 2019.............................................................................................................. 4 Framework....................................................................................................................................................... 5 The Best Performers...................................................................................................................................... 6 Regional Perspective..................................................................................................................................... 9 The Top 25: Year-on-Year Trends................................................................................................................. 11 Performance by Sub-Index............................................................................................................................ 13 Health Index..................................................................................................................................................... 14 Spotlight: Coronavirus and Retiree Health............................................................................................ 16 Material Wellbeing Index............................................................................................................................... 18 Spotlight: Disparate effects of the coronavirus..................................................................................... 20 Finances in Retirement Index....................................................................................................................... 22 Spotlight: Low interest rates - the new normal..................................................................................... 25 Quality of Life Index......................................................................................................................................... 27 Country Reports.............................................................................................................................................. 29 What can the BRICs learn from this aging ‘crisis’?............................................................................... 55 Framework....................................................................................................................................................... 61 Appendix A: ...................................................................................................................................................... 62 Methodology............................................................................................................................................... 62 Constructing the Indicators..................................................................................................................... 62 Constructing the Global Retirement Index............................................................................................ 66 Appendix B: Full Rankings ............................................................................................................................ 67 Key Findings Norway Sweden a te iet Netherlands ore or bot te and Germany dro even ot to t Healt and aterial overall ti ear It ran Wellbein bindie ad te laret limb in te ort or alit o lie ile inaore ran irt overall ranin moin and event or ealt bt in te inane bindex rom tent to it and t move rom event to and inland inie irt to tent reetiel. t in aterial ellbein in alit o ie and rom 22nd to 0t in inane South Korea raned 22nd relae Overall Top 3 lova Rebli 2t in te to 2 overall ti ear Ieland iterland and All oter ontrie rom ora remain in te to te to 2 lat ear remain in te to 2 ti ear. tree it te ame ranin a lat ear. The Nordic countries The BRIC countries Regional Score Interest rates in eneral erorm ore artilarl ell in relatiel ell aro all te inane bindex ort meria a te ontrie inldin bindie exet ain a ier ore tan inane or examle all iet overall reional Frane and aan alon Wetern roe atin ini in te to ten or ore etern roe it te ordi ontrie Ameria and atern alit o ie bt onl ranin eond overall o enmar inland and Eroe bt ini near te Ieland inie in te to inie irt or eond in eden ave teir ie ten or inane bottom in te oter all bindie exet year averae or real bindie inane ere it ran interet rate move into it ile ia aii neatie territor ater inie no ier tan bein oitie lat ear In ort aro mot all ontrie ore bindie tee in te interet rate indiator ontrie a a reion ave beae teir interet rate te eond iet ore le tan ero or te inane bindex Global Retirement Index 2020 3 The Global Retirement Index 2020 The Global Retirement Index (GRI) is a multi-dimensional index they focus on their needs and goals for the future, and where developed by Natixis Investment Managers and CoreData and how to most efficiently preserve wealth while enjoying Research to examine the factors that drive retirement security retirement. and to provide a comparison tool for best practices in retirement policy. The index includes International Monetary Fund (IMF) advanced economies, members of the Organization for Economic Co- As the GRI continues to run each year, it is our hope it will be operation and Development (OECD) and the BRIC countries possible to discern ongoing trends in, for instance, the quality (Brazil, Russia, India and China). The researchers calculated of a nation’s financial services sector, thereby identifying those a mean score in each category and combined the category variables that can be best managed to ensure a more scores for a final overall ranking of the 44 nations studied. See secure retirement. page 61 for the full list of countries. This is the eighth year Natixis and CoreData have produced the GRI as a guide to the changing decisions facing retirees as ORA GRI R 40 and below 41%-50% 51%-60% 61%-70% 71%-80% 81 and above Global Retirement Index 2020 4 Framework The index incorporates 18 performance indicators, grouped access to quality financial services to help preserve savings into four thematic sub-indices, which have been calculated value and maximize income; access to quality health services; on the basis of reliable data from a range of international and a clean and safe environment. organizations and academic sources. It takes into account the particular characteristics of the older demographic retiree The sub-indices provide insight into which particular group in order to assess and compare the level of retirement characteristics are driving an improvement or worsening security in different countries around the world. each country’s position. Data has been tracked consistently to provide a basis for year-over-year comparison. The four thematic indices cover key aspects for welfare in retirement: the material means to live comfortably in retirement; Health Finances in Retirement Old-Age Dependency Life Expectancy Bank Non-Performing Loans Health Expenditure per Capita Inflations Interest Rates Non-Insured Health Expenditure Tax Pressure Governance Government Indebtedness Material Wellbeing Quality of Life Happiness Income Equality Air Quality Income per Capita Water and Sanitation Unemployment Biodiversity and habitat Environmental Factors Methodology Update The construction of the Quality of Life sub-index in the 2020 GRI has been slightly updated to reflect changes in the data sources. In particular, three indicators - Air Quality, Biodiversity and Habitat and Water and Sanitation - and the way they are measured are different compared to last year. For Air Quality, the average annual concentration of PM2.5 has been replaced with the number of years lost due to exposure to PM2.5, exposure to indoor air pollution has been replaced with number of years lost due to exposure to household air pollution, and the percentage of a country’s population exposed to annual concentrations of PM2.5 with number of years lost due to exposure to ground-level ozone pollution. The Water and Sanitation indicator has been updated with a new data source and new definitions - unsafe drinking water compared to access to improved water source and unsafe sanitation compared to improved sanitation facilities in previous years. The data for Biodiversity is relatively similar to last year except for the addition of a new indicator called the Biodiversity Habitat Index. Since the 2020 GRI scores with these updates would no longer be comparable to 2019 GRI scores, we calculated 2019 scores with the updated data and methodology. As such, the 2018 and 2019 scores and rankings in this year’s GRI report show what the scores would have been with these new calculations and may not necessarily be the same as published in last year’s report. Global Retirement Index 2020 5 1 The Best Performers 2 3 1 Iceland Iceland remains in first place with a slightly lower score than it had in 2019, 82% 2 witerland down from 83% to 82%, placing it marginally ahead of Switzerland. Below them, Norway is in third place with the same score, 80%, as it 82% 0 achieved in 2019, while Ireland has 79% this year, compared to 77% in 2019, moving up one spot to fourth place. 83% 0 3 orway 82% 80% Most of the countries in the top ten have the same rankings 0 as they did last year. New Zealand, Australia,